Background. Physical activity (PA) is a keystone of diabetes management, but although self-exercise is beneficial, supervised exercise (SE), adapted to individual characteristics, and is more effective. Objectives. The main research goal is to compare SE patterns among diabetic and non-diabetic Portuguese adults. Methods. A total of 484 participants (85 diabetics, 399 non-diabetics), aged 41-90 years old (mean=58.9; SD=11.9) were interviewed. PA level was assessed using short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Attendance in different SE programs was evaluated across three kinds of PA programs providers: gym/health-clubs; swimming pools and other club/ sports facilities. Itens like Barriers to Exercise; Intention to participate; Importance of the structure and PA information sources were also evaluated. Independent t-tests were used to examine the difference between the group means, and Levene’s test was used to check the homokedasticity of the groups’ variances. Results. PA level of diabetics (32% low; 25% moderate; 44% high) and non-diabetics (29% low; 33% moderate; 39% high) display no differences. 90% of diabetics do not attend SE. The main barrier for diabetics’ non-participation is the perception that the exercise is not adequate to their health. Doctors are the preferred information source for diabetics and they rely less on information provided by the Internet, with may impair on-line campaigns. Conclusion. Promoting exercise in diabetics should shift the focus from "promoting physical activity" to "promoting SE".

中文翻译：

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糖尿病和非糖尿病葡萄牙成年人的监督运动模式

背景。进行体育锻炼（PA）是糖尿病治疗的重点，但自我锻炼虽然有益，但监督运动（SE）可以适应个人特征，并且更有效。目标。主要研究目标是比较糖尿病和非糖尿病葡萄牙成年人的SE模式。方法。采访了484位参与者（85位糖尿病患者，399位非糖尿病患者），年龄41-90岁（平均= 58.9； SD = 11.9）。使用国际体力活动问卷的简短形式评估PA水平。评估了三种PA项目提供商中不同SE项目的出席情况：体育馆/健康俱乐部；游泳池和其他俱乐部/体育设施。有点像运动障碍；参与意向；还评估了结构和PA信息源的重要性。独立的t检验用于检验组均值之间的差异，而Levene检验用于检验组方差的同方差。结果。糖尿病患者的PA水平（低32％；中度25％；高44％）和非糖尿病患者（低29％；中度33％；高39％）无差异。90％的糖尿病患者不参加SE。糖尿病患者不参加的主要障碍是人们认为运动不足以健康。医生是糖尿病患者的首选信息来源，他们较少依赖互联网提供的信息，这可能会损害在线运动。结论。促进糖尿病患者的运动应将重点从“促进身体活动”转移到“促进SE”上。Levene检验用于检验各组方差的同方差。结果。糖尿病患者的PA水平（低32％；中度25％；高44％）和非糖尿病患者（低29％；中度33％；高39％）无差异。90％的糖尿病患者不参加SE。糖尿病患者不参加的主要障碍是人们认为运动不足以健康。医生是糖尿病患者的首选信息来源，他们较少依赖互联网提供的信息，这可能会损害在线运动。结论。促进糖尿病患者的运动应将重点从“促进身体活动”转移到“促进SE”上。Levene检验用于检验各组方差的同方差。结果。糖尿病患者的PA水平（低32％；中度25％；高44％）和非糖尿病患者（低29％；中度33％；高39％）无差异。90％的糖尿病患者不参加SE。糖尿病患者不参加的主要障碍是人们认为运动不足以健康。医生是糖尿病患者的首选信息来源，他们较少依赖互联网提供的信息，这可能会损害在线运动。结论。促进糖尿病患者的运动应将重点从“促进身体活动”转移到“促进SE”上。90％的糖尿病患者不参加SE。糖尿病患者不参加的主要障碍是人们认为运动不足以健康。医生是糖尿病患者的首选信息来源，他们较少依赖互联网提供的信息，这可能会损害在线运动。结论。促进糖尿病患者的运动应将重点从“促进身体活动”转移到“促进SE”上。90％的糖尿病患者不参加SE。糖尿病患者不参加的主要障碍是人们认为运动不足以健康。医生是糖尿病患者的首选信息来源，他们较少依赖互联网提供的信息，这可能会损害在线运动。结论。促进糖尿病患者的运动应将重点从“促进身体活动”转移到“促进SE”上。