One of the chronic problems of pre-industrial Korean history has been the difficulty of material integration between core regions of the Korean peninsula. This article analyzes five major canalization attempts made by Koryŏ and Chosŏn states in the T’aean region to address the problem of infrastructural integration. Located along a critical shipping route between the southern grain basket and the capital region, the T’aean coastline had been infamous for centuries for its treacherous tides and proclivity for hastening shipwrecks. Consequently, from 1134 to 1537, Koryŏ and Chosŏn officials attempted canalization projects that, if successful, would have allowed grain ships to bypass the most troublesome zones. However, the canalization efforts all ended in failure. Utilizing Chosŏn-era institutional records, I argue that the canalization failures: 1) exposed a preindustrial state’s logistical and technological limits, notably, the difficulty of coastal canalization efforts in areas of high tidal variation and granite bedrock, and 2) prompted shifts in the infrastructural priorities of the Chosŏn state.

中文翻译：

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基础设施国家的淹水界限：前工业化时期的韩国太安运河工程的失败，1134-1537

前工业化韩国历史的长期问题之一是朝鲜半岛核心地区之间的物质整合困难。本文分析了 Koryŏ 和 Chosŏn 国家在太安地区为解决基础设施整合问题而进行的五项主要运河工程尝试。泰安海岸线位于南部粮食篮子和首都地区之间的重要航运路线上，几个世纪以来一直因其险恶的潮汐和加速沉船的倾向而臭名昭著。因此，从 1134 年到 1537 年，Koryŏ 和 Chosŏn 官员尝试了运河工程，如果成功，将使粮食船绕过最麻烦的地区。然而，渠化努力都以失败告终。利用 Chosŏn 时代的机构记录，我认为运河化失败：