The Liao shi [Liaoshi] (遼史) suggests that in 926 the Liao empire destroyed the state of Bohai, and afterward forced the Bohai people into servitude and resettlement across the empire. Modern archaeology together with epigraphical sources in the Kitan language confirm some of this narrative, but suggest a far more complicated story. Researches by scholars such as Aisingioro Ulhicun, Yoshimoto Michimasa, Im Sangsŏn, Sawamoto Mitsuhiro and Wang Shanjun have shed new light on the political circumstances of the Liao invasion of Bohai in 926 and the subsequent status of its inhabitants. A majority of the Bohai population remained in their traditional territories, where Bohai aristocrats, soldiers and high-ranking officials retained distinct roles in local administration. This essay looks at Bohai influence upon Liao administrative practices, the status of Bohai aristocrats of the Da lineage and elites such as Gao Mohan, and the probable outlines of Bohai demography to suggest that the Bohai role in transmission of Northeastern political traditions, in particular, may have been much more important than would be suggested on the basis of standard literary resources. Instead of being a doomed people whose identities and social structures evaporated after Liao resettlement policies stranded them in remote and inhospitable surroundings, the Bohai story may actually be one of political continuity and a seminal influence upon their successors, the Jurchens and ultimately the Manchus.

中文翻译：

---

渤海/帕尔海同一性与基丹/辽帝国下丹古的连贯性

《辽史》记载，公元926年，辽国灭渤海国，后迫使渤海人在帝国各地为奴迁居。现代考古学与基坦语的铭文资料一起证实了这种叙述的一部分，但暗示了一个更为复杂的故事。爱辛格罗·乌尔希村、吉本道正、林桑森、泽本光弘、王善君等学者的研究，对公元926年辽侵渤海的政治环境和随后的居民地位有了新的认识。大多数渤海人口仍留在他们的传统领地，渤海贵族、士兵和高级官员在地方管理中保留了不同的角色。本文着眼于渤海对辽国行政实践的影响，渤海大族贵族和高漠寒等精英的地位，以及渤海人口可能的轮廓表明渤海在传播东北政治传统中的作用，特别是，可能比所建议的要重要得多标准文学资源的基础。渤海的故事实际上可能是政治连续性之一，对继任者女真人乃至满族人产生了开创性影响，而不是在辽国移民政策将他们困在偏远和荒凉的环境后，身份和社会结构消失的注定失败的人。尤其是，可能比基于标准文学资源所建议的要重要得多。渤海的故事实际上可能是政治连续性之一，对继任者女真人乃至满族人产生了开创性影响，而不是在辽国移民政策将他们困在偏远和荒凉的环境后，身份和社会结构消失的注定失败的人。尤其是，可能比基于标准文学资源所建议的要重要得多。渤海的故事实际上可能是政治连续性之一，对继任者女真人乃至满族人产生了开创性影响，而不是在辽国移民政策将他们困在偏远和荒凉的环境后，身份和社会结构消失的注定失败的人。