Review of Wood, David. 2015. Fundamentals of formulaic language: An introduction. London: Bloomsbury Academic. 198 pages. ISBN: 978-0-5672-7898-2.The book Fundamentals of formulaic language: An introduction by David Wood is considered an insightful, essential and comprehensive account of formulaic language. Formulaic language has been an interesting topic in applied linguistics, corpus linguistics, and language teaching since John Sinclair's works and his contribution to the field of corpus linguistics. The book covers a variety of topics, ranging from theoretical and practical aspects of formulaic language to future directions in formulaic research.The book consists of ten chapters. The first chapter lays the foundations of the book, providing background on foundational theoretical perspectives and concepts of formulaic language. It describes the theoretical and disciplinary traditions (such as anthropology, sociology, acquisition, and lexicology) which have influenced research into formulaic language over decades. Established terminology referring to formulaic language and its characteristics from various aspects of communication and language studies (e.g. pragmatics, discourse, language acquisition and cognitive processing of language), are presented. Broadly, this chapter deals with the concept of formulaic language from different perspectives, which suggests that formulaic units are not a recent approach, but a significant aspect in any field, particularly language studies and communication. However, the chapter seems to make a short and dense overview of the research history of formulaic language. In fact, the current status of formulaic language research and its roles in language teaching and learning should be mentioned.After presenting the background of formulaic language studies from different perspectives, Chapter 2 is devoted to the identification of formulaic language in spoken and written texts, introducing some basic principles, ranging from quantitative analysis to psychological judgment. Reviewing related studies on formulaic language, Wood argues that using frequency and statistic measures, such as mutual information (MI) in Schmitt's work (2010), bears some limitations. This notion is in agreement with Wray (2002; 2008), Martinez and Schmitt (2012), and Wood (2010), who note that it is necessary for a string to be more than just frequent, and needs to have a unitary meaning or function. Wood recommends that additional steps (e.g. psycholinguistic measures, either by experts or native speaker judges) be taken into account to eliminate meaningless combinations of words from functional analyses. Although Wood touches upon a rather interesting and, indeed, tempting issue, it needs to be mentioned that this is not surprising as corpus evidence alone might not provide a strong argument. A complementary use of corpora and a psycholinguistic approach are needed in conducting formulaic research (see e.g. Gilquin & Gries, 2009; Herbst, Faulhaber & Uhrig, 2011).Chapter 3 outlines concepts, characteristics and functional categories of formulaic sequences. It covers important descriptions and definitions relevant to formulaic sequences, such as idioms, metaphors, lexical phrases, lexical bundles, proverbs and concgrams (given their predicability and combinability). Wood discusses that, due to the different types of data and criteria used to determine formulaic sequences, the classifications and taxonomies of other researchers presented in the literature quite overlap and have changed over time. Some researchers (e.g. Liu, 2012; Wray, 2002), therefore, have created their own sets of descriptions, definitions, and classifications. While Wood directs the reader to the distinctions between definitions of formulaic sequences, this chapter would have benefited from a few examples of practical criteria to distinguish, for example, phrasal verbs, lexical phrases, and collocations, which novice researchers could use in order to conduct research into word strings. …

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Wood，D。的评论，2015年。公式语言基础：简介。伦敦：Bloomsbury Academic。198页。ISBN：978–0–5672–7898–2

伍德的评论，大卫。2015年。公式语言基础：入门。伦敦：Bloomsbury Academic。198页。ISBN：978-0-5672-7898-2。《公式语言的基础：戴维·伍德的导论》被认为是对公式语言的有见地，必要且全面的论述。自约翰·辛克莱尔（John Sinclair）的著作及其在语料库语言学领域的贡献以来，公式语言一直是应用语言学，语料库语言学和语言教学中一个有趣的话题。本书涵盖了多个主题，从公式语言的理论和实践方面到公式研究的未来方向。该书共分十章。第一章为本书奠定了基础，提供了基础理论观点和公式化语言概念的背景知识。它描述了几十年来影响公式语言研究的理论和学科传统（例如人类学，社会学，习得和词汇学）。介绍了从交流和语言研究的各个方面（例如，语用，话语，语言习得和语言的认知处理）参考惯例语言及其特征的既定术语。从广义上讲，本章从不同的角度论述了公式化语言的概念，这表明公式化单元并不是最近才使用的方法，而是在任何领域（尤其是语言研究和交流）中的重要方面。但是，本章似乎对公式语言的研究历史做了简短而密集的概述。事实上，在阐述了公式化语言研究的背景之后，第二章着重于口语和书面语中公式化语言的识别，并介绍了一些基础知识。原理，从定量分析到心理判断。伍德回顾了有关公式化语言的相关研究后认为，在施密特（2010）的著作中使用频率和统计量度，例如互信息（MI），存在一些局限性。此概念与Wray（2002; 2008），Martinez and Schmitt（2012）和Wood（2010）一致，他们指出，字符串不仅要经常使用，还必须具有统一的含义或功能。Wood建议采取其他步骤（例如，应考虑采用专家或母语人士的心理语言措施，以消除功能分析中无意义的单词组合。尽管伍德谈到了一个相当有趣且确实诱人的问题，但值得一提的是这并不奇怪，因为仅靠语料库证据可能无法提供有力的论据。在进行公式研究时，需要对语料库和心理语言学方法进行补充使用（参见例如Gilquin＆Gries，2009； Herbst，Faulhaber＆Uhrig，2011）。第三章概述了公式序列的概念，特征和功能类别。它涵盖了与公式序列相关的重要描述和定义，例如成语，隐喻，词汇短语，词汇束，谚语和congrams（假定它们具有可预测性和可组合性）。伍德讨论说，由于用于确定分子式序列的数据类型和标准不同，文献中介绍的其他研究人员的分类和分类法完全重叠，并且随着时间的推移而发生了变化。因此，一些研究人员（例如Liu，2012； Wray，2002）创建了自己的描述，定义和分类集。尽管伍德指导读者注意公式化序列定义之间的区别，但本章将从一些实用标准示例中受益，例如，可以区分短语动词，词汇短语和搭配词，新手研究人员可以使用这些短语来进行研究字串。… 文献中介绍的其他研究人员的分类和分类法非常重叠，并且随着时间的推移而发生了变化。因此，一些研究人员（例如Liu，2012； Wray，2002）创建了自己的描述，定义和分类集。尽管伍德指导读者注意公式化序列定义之间的区别，但本章将从一些实用标准示例中受益，例如，可以区分短语动词，词汇短语和搭配词，新手研究人员可以使用这些短语来进行研究字串。… 文献中介绍的其他研究人员的分类和分类法非常重叠，并且随着时间的推移而发生了变化。因此，一些研究人员（例如Liu，2012； Wray，2002）创建了自己的描述，定义和分类集。尽管伍德指导读者注意公式化序列定义之间的区别，但本章将从一些实用标准示例中受益，例如，可以区分短语动词，词汇短语和搭配词，新手研究人员可以使用这些短语来进行研究字串。… 尽管伍德指导读者注意公式化序列定义之间的区别，但本章将从一些实用标准示例中受益，例如，可以区分短语动词，词汇短语和搭配词，新手研究人员可以使用这些短语来进行研究字串。… 尽管伍德指导读者注意公式化序列定义之间的区别，但本章将从一些实用标准示例中受益，例如，可以区分短语动词，词汇短语和搭配词，新手研究人员可以使用这些短语来进行研究字串。…