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Migration and Inequality
Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal Pub Date : 2020-06-25 , DOI: 10.5130/ccs.v12.i1.7026
Ron Hayduk

Migrants are omnipresent in cosmopolitan societies. Propelled from their homelands by poverty, violence, and environmental disasters—and the promise of better opportunities and security—migrants have found their way into metropolitan regions. At the same time, we see steep increases in economic inequality. These changes, which are intrinsically connected to the rise of neoliberal polices, have pushed immigration to the top of the political agenda for both the political right and left in many nations. The right seeks to erect walls, restrict immigration, and deport the undocumented. The left seeks amnesty, sanctuary policies and other measures to advance human rights in response to the migration crisis. Yet neither approach addresses the underlying causes of migration nor growing inequalities that together animate populist revolts on both the left and right across the globe. In this paper, I employ a framework that foregrounds capitalist accumulation at the center of these processes. Focusing on urban areas in the US, I highlight the ways economic, social and political structures contribute to growing inequalities between immigrants and the native born -- as well as sharp inequalities within each group -- which, in turn, affect patterns of immigrant incorporation, politics and options for reform. The paper examines US immigration and immigrant policy, assessing their impacts on inequality and immigrant incorporation processes and outcomes. I conclude by pointing to contemporary social movements and evolving political alignments, which have the potential to achieve more egalitarian outcomes capable of sustaining social cohesion in metropolitan regions, as well as more stable and robust democratic systems across borders. Given that immigrants and their offspring comprise nearly one in four people in the U.S., addressing such inequalities is theoretically important and a pressing political concern.

中文翻译:

移民与不平等

移民在国际社会中无处不在。贫穷,暴力和环境灾难,以及对更好的机会和安全的保证,迫使他们的家乡迁徙到大都市地区。同时,我们看到经济不平等现象急剧增加。这些变化与新自由主义警察的崛起有着内在的联系,这些变化将移民推向了许多国家的政治权利和左派政治议程的首位。这项权利旨在建立隔离墙,限制移民和驱逐无证件。左翼寻求大赦,庇护政策和其他措施,以应对移民危机,以增进人权。然而,这两种方法都无法解决造成移民的根本原因,也无法解决日益加剧的不平等现象,这种现象加剧了全球左翼和右翼的民粹主义叛乱。在本文中,我采用了一个框架,将资本主义积累置于这些过程的中心。我将重点放在美国的城市地区,重点介绍经济,社会和政治结构如何导致移民与原住民之间日益扩大的不平等现象以及每个群体内部的严重不平等现象,进而影响移民的融入方式,政治和改革选择。本文研究了美国的移民和移民政策,评估了它们对不平等以及移民融入过程和结果的影响。最后,我指出当代社会运动和不断发展的政治结盟,它们有可能取得更大的平等结果,从而能够维持大都市地区的社会凝聚力,以及跨边界的更加稳定和健全的民主制度。鉴于在美国,移民及其后代占近四分之一的人,解决这种不平等现象在理论上很重要,也是紧迫的政治关切。
更新日期:2020-06-25
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