Fiji’s history is interspersed with ethnic conflict, military coups, new constitutions and democratic elections. Ethnic tensions started to increase in the 1960s and reached its peak with violent indigenous Fijian ethnic assertion in the form of military coups in 1987. Following the coup, the constitution adopted at independence was abrogated and a constitution that provided indigenous political hegemony was promulgated in 1990. However, by 1993, there were serious and irreparable divisions within the indigenous Fijian community, forcing coup leader Sitiveni Rabuka to spearhead a constitution review. The result of the review was the multiracial 1997 Constitution which failed to resolve deep seated ethnic tensions, resulting in another nationalist coup in 2000 and a mutiny at the military barracks in December of that year. Following the failed mutiny, the Commander of the Republic of the Fiji Military Forces, Voreqe Bainimarama, publicly criticised nationalist policies of the government of Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase, culminating in another military coup in 2006. The new military government started plans to de-ethnise the Fijian state and promulgated a constitution that promoted ethnic equality.Post independence Fiji is characterised by these conflicts over ethnocracy. The ethnic hegemony of indigenous Fijian chiefs is set against inter-ethnic counter hegemony. While democratic politics encourages inter-ethic alliance-building, the ethnic hegemony of the chiefs has been asserted by force. Latterly, the fragmentation of the ethnic hegemony has reconfigured inter-ethnic alliances, and the military has emerged as a vehicle for de-ethnicisation. The article analyses this cyclical pattern of ethnic hegemony and multiethnic counter hegemony as a struggle over (and against) Fijian ethnocracy.

中文翻译：

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斐济的族裔制和后族裔制

斐济的历史散布着种族冲突，军事政变，新宪法和民主选举。种族紧张局势在1960年代开始加剧，并在1987年以军事政变的形式在斐济发生了强烈的土著土著暴力主张，达到了顶峰。政变发生后，废除了独立时通过的宪法，1990年颁布了提供土著政治霸权的宪法但是，到1993年，斐济土著社区内部发生了严重而无法弥补的分裂，迫使政变领导人西蒂芬尼·拉布卡（Sitiveni Rabuka）率先进行宪法审查。审查的结果是1997年的多种族宪法未能解决根深蒂固的族裔紧张局势，导致了2000年的另一次民族主义政变和同年12月的军事营兵变。兵变失败后，斐济共和国军方司令沃雷克·贝尼马拉马（Voreqe Bainimarama）公开批评了总理莱塞尼亚·加拉塞（Laisenia Qarase）政府的民族主义政策，最终在2006年发动了军事政变。新的军事政府开始了取消民族主义的计划。斐济独立后的特点是种族主义冲突。斐济土著酋长的种族霸权是反对种族间的反霸权。民主政治鼓励种族间联盟的建立，但酋长的种族霸权却被武力主张。后来，种族霸权的碎片化重新配置了族裔间的联盟，军方已成为非族裔化的工具。