Struggles for transformation of the Kenyan constitution brought into alliances disparate movements from below, sections of middleclass, and factions of political, economic and religious elites, in challenging the government. The emergence of these alliances presents useful cases for examining the dynamic relationship and politics between these movements, and also for probing social movement theory. Specifically, given the centrality of identity consciousness in movements, how were intrinsic class, religious, gender, generational and ethnic identity interests, contestations and cleavages overcome to enable inter-identity alliances in these struggles? More critically, how relevant are the dominant social movement theories in explaining this phenomenon? Is theoretical straightjacketing useful for analysing movements with such diversity? Drawing from in-depth interviews and existing literature on Kenyan constitutional reform struggles, this paper illustrates how alliances between the different identities and movements were forged to allow for a common struggle. The paper further illustrates that while political opportunity structures explain certain aspects of this phenomenon, framing, civic education and community organising strategies were critical enablers for collective identity formation

中文翻译：

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身份认同联盟的出现为肯尼亚宪法的变革而斗争

肯尼亚宪法的改革斗争使来自下层，中产阶级以及政治，经济和宗教精英派别的各种运动结成了同盟，以挑战政府。这些联盟的出现为检验这些运动之间的动态关系和政治关系以及探索社会运动理论提供了有用的案例。具体而言，鉴于身份意识在运动中的核心地位，如何克服内在阶级，宗教，性别，世代和族裔的身份利益，竞争和分裂，以使这些斗争中的身份认同联盟成为可能？更关键的是 主流的社会运动理论在解释这一现象时有多重要？理论上的直线运动对分析这种多样性的动作有用吗？本文通过对肯尼亚宪政改革斗争的深入访谈和现有文献，阐述了如何在不同的身份和运动之间结成联盟以进行共同的斗争。本文进一步说明，尽管政治机会结构解释了这种现象的某些方面，但框架，公民教育和社区组织策略是形成集体身份的关键推动力