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The conflict of partisan interests and normative expectations in electoral system change. Hungary in 2014
Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy Pub Date : 2017-01-15 , DOI: 10.14267/cjssp.2017.01.01
Réka Várnagy , Gabriella Ilonszki

The expanding literature on electoral reform has proposed a comprehensive approach towards electoral system change arguing that going beyond the simple logic of maximising gains for the dominant political elite allows for assessing normative drivers behind the change (Hazan-Leyenaar, 2014). Indeed, electoral systems tend to fulfil normative expectations like providing fair representation and stable government. More nuanced, practical concerns such as making elections cheaper or more intelligible are also regarded as their assets. At the same time these normative goals are intermingled with the rule makers’ political interests. The delicate balance between normative goals and strategic partisan goals becomes highly visible at the moment of electoral system change. Academic literature is divided on the importance of the normative versus the partisan background of electoral systems change. Rational choice literature argues for the supremacy of partisan interests in the formation (transformation) of electoral system design (Benoit, 2004; Colomer, 2005), claiming that seat maximisation is the parties’ main interest. Others (Shugart, 2001) focus on normative claims: if the electoral system does not bring representative demands to the surface or prospective government formation remains unidentifiable for the voters in the electoral process or the mandate majority counters the voters’ election majority the electoral system is unbalanced and would require modification on this normative ground.

中文翻译:

选举制度变迁中的党派利益与规范期望的冲突。2014年的匈牙利

不断扩大的关于选举改革的文献提出了一种针对选举制度变革的综合方法,认为超越为占主导地位的政治精英最大化收益的简单逻辑,可以评估变革背后的规范驱动因素(Hazan-Leyenaar,2014 年)。事实上,选举制度往往会满足规范的期望,比如提供公平的代表和稳定的政府。更细微、实际的担忧,例如使选举更便宜或更易懂,也被视为他们的资产。同时,这些规范性目标与规则制定者的政治利益交织在一起。在选举制度发生变化的时刻,规范目标和战略性党派目标之间的微妙平衡变得非常明显。学术文献对选举制度变化的规范与党派背景的重要性存在分歧。理性选择文献主张党派利益在选举制度设计的形成(转变)中至高无上(Benoit,2004 年;Colomer,2005 年),声称席位最大化是政党的主要利益。其他人(Shugart,2001 年)关注规范性主张:如果选举制度没有将代表要求浮出水面,或者选举过程中的选民仍然无法确定未来的政府组建,或者授权多数反对选民的选举多数,则选举制度是不平衡,需要在此规范基础上进行修改。理性选择文献主张党派利益在选举制度设计的形成(转变)中至高无上(Benoit,2004 年;Colomer,2005 年),声称席位最大化是政党的主要利益。其他人(舒加特,2001 年)关注规范性主张:如果选举制度没有将代表要求浮出水面,或者未来的政府组建对于选举过程中的选民来说仍然无法识别,或者授权多数反对选民的选举多数,则选举制度是不平衡,需要在此规范基础上进行修改。理性选择文献主张党派利益在选举制度设计的形成(转变)中至高无上(Benoit,2004 年;Colomer,2005 年),声称席位最大化是政党的主要利益。其他人(舒加特,2001 年)关注规范性主张:如果选举制度没有将代表要求浮出水面,或者未来的政府组建对于选举过程中的选民来说仍然无法识别,或者授权多数反对选民的选举多数,则选举制度是不平衡,需要在此规范基础上进行修改。
更新日期:2017-01-15
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