Despite the structurally deterministic leanings of the literature about women and farms over time, new studies have attempted to identify the ways in which women’s positions in the rural household are reinforced, stressing the factor of visibility in the labor force. The entrepreneurial processes and commodification practices through which women engage in a range of different kinds of productive activity, such as agrotourism and the production of organic crops, are frequently cited as sources of empowerment for women on farms . However, since this new trend is not a unitary and homogeneous process, the present study examines the role of women in agriculture by taking into account the positionality of the specific actors, as well as their conflicts and negotiations within particular sociocultural contexts. Our analysis is based on sets of in-depth interviews with full-time farm women in Jirestan, north-eastern Iran. Findings indicate that Jirestan’s women identify themselves both as “producers” and “entrepreneurs.” Commercial gardens, in addition to new farming styles and the reproduction of sales of traditional local produce, have created this “hybrid” identity. Although farms are being re-constructed as shared businesses with an increase in the role of women, the latter still adhere to patriarchal traditions and social norms and consider themselves helpers and housewives.

中文翻译：

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性别认同和农场生存：偏远农村地区妇女在农业部门的活动

尽管随着时间的推移，关于妇女和农场的文献在结构上具有决定论的倾向，但新的研究试图确定妇女在农村家庭中的地位得到加强的方式，强调了劳动力中的可见性因素。妇女通过创业过程和商品化实践参与一系列不同类型的生产活动，例如农业旅游和有机作物的生产，经常被认为是赋予农场妇女权力的来源。然而，由于这一新趋势不是一个单一和同质的过程，本研究通过考虑特定行为者的地位以及她们在特定社会文化背景下的冲突和谈判来研究妇女在农业中的作用。我们的分析基于对伊朗东北部吉列斯坦全职农场妇女的深入访谈。调查结果表明，吉列斯坦的女性将自己视为“生产者”和“企业家”。商业花园，除了新的耕作方式和传统本地产品的销售再生产之外，还创造了这种“混合”身份。尽管农场正在重建为共享企业，妇女的作用增加，但后者仍坚持父权传统和社会规范，并认为自己是帮手和家庭主妇。除了新的耕作方式和传统当地产品的销售再生产之外，还创造了这种“混合”身份。尽管农场正在重建为共享企业，妇女的作用增加，但后者仍然坚持父权传统和社会规范，并认为自己是帮手和家庭主妇。除了新的耕作方式和传统当地产品的销售再生产之外，还创造了这种“混合”身份。尽管农场正在重建为共享企业，妇女的作用增加，但后者仍坚持父权传统和社会规范，并认为自己是帮手和家庭主妇。