A few months before I wrote this editorial, Theresa May (b. 1956), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, delivered an anti-immigration speech at the 2016 Conservative Party Conference, expressing her solidarity with British citizens who found themselves “out of work or on lower wages because of low-skilled immigration.” Britain, May believed, should principally look after its own citizens and its own communities. She continued, with a logical non sequitur that has been widely criticised in the press, by stating: “citizens of the world are citizens of nowhere.” In October 2016, May’s government had just begun the process to leave the European Union following the result of the 23 June 2016 referendum, a marginal victory for the “Leave” faction (who gained 51.89% of the votes), which has been widely interpreted as a vote of protest against immigration. May’s outburst against the “citizens of the world” was widely taken as a xenophobic comment against a progressive, utopian vision of open borders, cosmopolitanism and internationalism. Meanwhile Donald Trump (b. 1946), current President of the United States of America, still aimed to keep his electoral promise to build a “wall” to separate the country from Mexico and thus to prevent immigration, specifically by non-whites. In 2017, as happened before in the course of the twentieth century, political factions principally connected with the far right have appeased popular unrest about the continuing financial crisis by blaming immigration. This intolerance has manifested – practically – into a bureaucratic and political cull of immigration and – culturally – by voicing concerns against the intellectual notions of internationalism and cosmopolitanism themselves. The Heritage Foundation, an American right-wing think tank, writes: “the immigration crisis in America is the physical manifestation of our nation’s intellectual confusion. The growing influence of dogmatic cosmopolitanism and multiculturalism has caused chaos in the public mind, which is reflected in the chaos we see on the ground.” The current words of the writers of the Heritage Foundation echo the Stalinist criticism of the “rootless cosmopolitan,” a pejorative label widely used both in anti-Semitic and anti-Western campaigns in the Soviet Union in the 1940s and 1950s. The Russian satirical periodical Krokodil published a caricature of the “rootless cosmopolitan” (Figure 1) in March 1949. A travelling writer, with caricatured Jewish features, is described negatively as a “passportless drifter” for whom writing is a weapon: he wears

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“无根的世界主义者”？视觉资源，民族主义时代的国际期刊

在我撰写这篇社论的几个月前，英国首相特蕾莎·梅（生于 1956 年）在 2016 年保守党大会上发表了反移民演讲，表达了她对发现自己“失业”的英国公民的声援或者由于低技能移民而获得较低的工资。” 梅认为，英国应该主要照顾自己的公民和自己的社区。她继续说：“世界公民是无处可去的公民。” 2016 年 10 月，在 2016 年 6 月 23 日公投结果后，梅政府刚刚开始退出欧盟的进程，“脱欧”派（获得 51.89% 的选票）的微弱胜利，这被广泛解释为反对移民的投票。梅对“世界公民”的抨击被广泛认为是对开放边界、世界主义和国际主义的进步、乌托邦愿景的仇外评论。与此同时，现任美利坚合众国总统唐纳德·特朗普（生于 1946 年）仍然致力于兑现他的选举承诺，即建造一堵“墙”，将美国与墨西哥分隔开来，从而防止移民，特别是非白人移民。2017 年，正如 20 世纪之前发生的那样，主要与极右翼有关的政治派别通过指责移民来平息民众对持续金融危机的不安。这种不容忍实际上体现在官僚主义和政治上对移民的剔除，并在文化上表达了对国际主义和世界主义本身的思想观念的担忧。美国右翼智库传统基金会写道：“美国的移民危机是我们国家智力混乱的物理表现。教条主义的世界主义和多元文化主义的影响越来越大，在公众心目中造成了混乱，这反映在我们在实地看到的混乱中。” 传统基金会作者目前的话呼应了斯大林主义对“无根的世界主义者”的批评，这是一个贬义的标签，在 1940 年代和 1950 年代苏联的反犹太主义和反西方运动中广泛使用。