Digital platforms like Spotify, Netflix, and YouTube rely on mass data collection, algorithmic forms of prediction, and the development of closed digital systems. Seemingly technical and trivial, such operational and infrastructural features have both commercial and cultural consequences in need of attention. As with any other kinds of infrastructure, the surveillance practices and digital ecosystems that are now installed and solidified will have long-term effects and will be difficult to challenge. We suggest that the cultural and commercial ramifications of such datafied infrastructural developments can be unpacked by analyzing digital platforms—in this case Netflix—as surveillance-based, predictive infrastructures. Digital platforms fortify their market positions by transitioning surveillance-based assets of audience metrics into infrastructural and informational assets that set conditions for other actors and approaches at work in the domain of cultural production. We identify the central forces at play in these developments: digital platforms critically depend on proprietary surveillance data from large user bases and engage in datastructuring practices (Flyverbom and Murray 2018) that allow for predictive analytics to be a core component of their operations. Also, digital platforms engage in infrastructural development, such as Netflix’s decentralized system of video storage and content delivery, Open Connect. These meshes of user surveillance, predictive analytics, and infrastructural developments have ramifications beyond individual platforms and shape cultural production in extensive and increasingly problematic ways. Digital Platforms and Attention Economies Historically, the production and shaping of cultural formations—what societies value and consider to be their shared belongings and heritage—have been tied to a limited set of institutions and groups of people. Wealthy museums, powerful editors, successful media corporations, and others have always played central roles when it comes to defining what is relevant, valuable, and worthy of our attention. But increasingly, digital platforms and automated systems developed by large tech companies come to shape commercial attention economies and the production of culture. These developments are important to consider because they cut to the core of our collective and individual possibilities for agency and decision-making and will have long-term consequences. What we can think of as a digital attention economy is not only dominated by tech companies but also by the concrete technical ways that digital platforms, algorithms, and other design features organize digital traces and curate cultural production and consumption. In digital spaces, our actions and lives are translated into resources that may be used to fuel commercial, cultural, and political processes and to guide our eyes and attention. Digital systems translate human and technical activities into Article Meshes of Surveillance, Prediction, and Infrastructure: On the Cultural and Commercial Consequences of Digital

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监视，预测和基础架构的网格：关于数字平台的文化和商业后果

Spotify，Netflix和YouTube等数字平台依赖于海量数据收集，预测的算法形式以及封闭式数字系统的开发。这些操作和基础设施看似技术上和琐碎的方面，都需要引起商业和文化后果。与任何其他类型的基础架构一样，现在已安装和巩固的监视实践和数字生态系统将产生长期影响，并且将难以挑战。我们建议，可以通过分析数字平台（在本例中为Netflix）作为基于监视的预测基础结构，来解开此类数据基础设施发展的文化和商业影响。数字平台通过将基于监视的受众衡量指标资产转换为基础设施和信息资产，从而巩固了其市场地位，这些基础设施和信息资产为文化生产领域中的其他行为者和方法设定了条件。我们确定了这些发展中的核心力量：数字平台严重依赖于来自大型用户群的专有监控数据，并参与了数据结构化实践（Flyverbom和Murray 2018），从而使预测分析成为其运营的核心组成部分。此外，数字平台也参与基础设施开发，例如Netflix的视频存储和内容交付分散式系统Open Connect。这些用户监视，预测分析，基础设施的发展已经超出了各个平台的范围，并以广泛且日益成问题的方式影响着文化生产。数字平台和关注度经济过去，文化形态的产生和塑造（社会重视并认为是它们的共同财产和遗产）一直与有限的机构和人群联系在一起。在定义相关，有价值和值得我们关注的事物时，富裕的博物馆，有权势的编辑，成功的媒体公司以及其他机构始终发挥着核心作用。但是，越来越多的是，大型科技公司开发的数字平台和自动化系统正在影响商业注意力的经济和文化的产生。这些事态发展很重要，因为它们切入了我们集体和个人进行代理和决策的可能性的核心，并将产生长期的后果。我们可以将其视为数字注意力经济，这不仅由技术公司主导，而且还由数字平台，算法和其他设计功能组织数字踪迹并策划文化生产和消费的具体技术方式所主导。在数字空间中，我们的行动和生活被转化为可用于促进商业，文化和政治进程并引导我们的视线和注意力的资源。数字系统将人类和技术活动转化为监视，预测和基础设施条款网：关于数字的文化和商业后果 我们可以将其视为数字注意力经济，这不仅由技术公司主导，而且还由数字平台，算法和其他设计功能组织数字踪迹并策划文化生产和消费的具体技术方式所主导。在数字空间中，我们的行动和生活被转化为可用于促进商业，文化和政治进程并引导我们的视线和注意力的资源。数字系统将人类和技术活动转化为监视，预测和基础设施条款网：关于数字的文化和商业后果 我们可以将其视为数字注意力经济，这不仅由技术公司主导，而且还由数字平台，算法和其他设计功能组织数字踪迹并策划文化生产和消费的具体技术方式所主导。在数字空间中，我们的行动和生活被转化为可用于促进商业，文化和政治进程并引导我们的视线和注意力的资源。数字系统将人类和技术活动转化为监视，预测和基础设施条款网：关于数字的文化和商业后果 其他设计功能可组织数字痕迹并策划文化生产和消费。在数字空间中，我们的行动和生活被转化为可用于促进商业，文化和政治进程并引导我们的视线和注意力的资源。数字系统将人类和技术活动转化为监视，预测和基础设施条款网：关于数字的文化和商业后果 其他设计功能可组织数字痕迹并策划文化生产和消费。在数字空间中，我们的行动和生活被转化为可用于促进商业，文化和政治进程并引导我们的视线和注意力的资源。数字系统将人类和技术活动转化为监视，预测和基础设施条款网：关于数字的文化和商业后果