Background : Visual motor integration plays an important role in academic skills of learners in the early school years and can have an impact on their overall academic performance. Aim : This study aimed to determine the influence of socio-economic status (SES) on changes in visual-motor integration, visual perception and motor coordination over a period of three years. Setting : Four school districts in the North West province of South Africa were used. Methods : Five hundred and seventy-three learners (282 boys, 291 girls) were randomly selected (representing different SES schools) and evaluated at baseline during 2010 when they were in Grade 1 (6.9 years ±0.38) and again three years later in 2013 (9.9 years ±0.42) as part of a longitudinal research study. The Beery Visual-Motor Integration Test 4th edition was used to evaluate the visual-motor integration, visual perception and motor coordination skills at baseline and three years later. Results : Baseline measurements were higher among high SES learners in all three skills. Although learners from high SES still outperformed the learners from low SES three years later, low SES learners showed statistically significant improvements over the three years in visual-motor integration (88.24 to 89.85, p=0.041) and visual perception (89.69 to 90.04, p≤0.001). Conclusion : Age-related development and improvement of the visual-motor integration skills were reported over the three year period. However, more learners from the low SES still showed delays in these skills. Delays in the development of these skills could contribute to poorer academic and learning-related achievements.

中文翻译：

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社会经济地位对视觉运动整合的纵向影响：西北儿童健康与学习与发展研究的结合

背景：视觉运动整合在学龄早期对学习者的学术技能中起着重要作用，并且可能影响他们的整体学习成绩。目的：本研究旨在确定三年内社会经济地位（SES）对视觉-运动整合，视觉感知和运动协调变化的影响。设置：使用了南非西北省的四个学区。方法：随机选择573名学习者（282名男孩，291名女孩）（代表不同的SES学校），并在2010年进入1年级（6.9岁±0.38）时进行基线评估，三年后于2013年再次评估（9.9年±0.42）作为纵向研究的一部分。Beery视觉-马达整合测试第4版用于评估基线及三年后的视觉-马达整合，视觉感知和马达协调能力。结果：在这三种技能中，高SES学习者的基线测量值都较高。尽管三年后，来自高SES的学习者仍然胜过来自低SES的学习者，但是在三年中，低SES的学习者在视觉运动整合（88.24至89.85，p = 0.041）和视觉感知（89.69至90.04，p）方面显示出统计学上的显着改善。 ≤0.001）。结论：在三年期间，报告了与年龄有关的发展和视觉-运动整合能力的提高。但是，来自低SES的更多学习者仍然显示出这些技能的延迟。