Serious concerns have been raised about the Morisky Medication Adherence Scales (MMAS4 and MMAS-8) ever since researchers from Asia and other regions were claimed to have used the MMAS without a license. Donald Morisky and his team have claimed that numerous authors have infringed copyright, trademark, or other rights over the MMAS. This case study will scrutinize whether the MMAS is protected by any intellectual property rights, including copyright and trademark. In many cases, the authors have not applied the MMAS for their research, but have only introduced or described the MMAS in papers that are accessible and open to the public. The MMAS is a measure to keep track of and check the regularity and accuracy with which patients take their medications; it is not meant as a diagnosis and does not form a basis for treatment plans. If another researcher rephrases the questions in a way that achieves a certain level of originality, not infringing the original expressions of the MMAS, then Morisky and his team may not be able to claim infringement of its copyright. Even assuming that the MMAS is subject to copyright, the authors can raise a “fair use” defense. Concerted actions may be necessary for researchers to protect academic integrity and the public nature of scholarly works. The fair use of the MMAS in a scholarly article should not be barred by false copyright infringement claims.

中文翻译：

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医学研究人员应该如何应对虚假的版权侵权索赔？

自从亚洲和其他地区的研究人员被指控未经许可使用 MMAS 以来，人们对 Morisky 药物依从性量表（MMAS4 和 MMAS-8）提出了严重的担忧。Donald Morisky 和他的团队声称许多作者侵犯了 MMAS 的版权、商标或其他权利。本案例研究将审查 MMAS 是否受任何知识产权保护，包括版权和商标。在许多情况下，作者并未将 MMAS 应用于他们的研究，而只是在可访问和向公众开放的论文中介绍或描述了 MMAS。MMAS 是一种跟踪和检查患者服药规律性和准确性的措施；它不是一种诊断，也不构成治疗计划的基础。如果另一位研究人员以达到一定程度的原创性的方式重新表述问题，而不是侵犯 MMAS 的原始表达方式，那么 Morisky 和他的团队可能无法声称侵犯了其版权。即使假设 MMAS 受版权保护，作者也可以提出“合理使用”辩护。研究人员可能需要采取协调一致的行动来保护学术诚信和学术作品的公共性质。在学术文章中合理使用 MMAS 不应受到虚假版权侵权索赔的限制。作者可以提出“合理使用”辩护。研究人员可能需要采取协调一致的行动来保护学术诚信和学术作品的公共性质。在学术文章中合理使用 MMAS 不应受到虚假版权侵权索赔的限制。作者可以提出“合理使用”辩护。研究人员可能需要采取协调一致的行动来保护学术诚信和学术作品的公共性质。在学术文章中合理使用 MMAS 不应受到虚假版权侵权索赔的限制。