This study involved the acoustic cavitation aided process intensification of citronella oil-based nanoemulsion with varying process parameters. A citronella oil (10 wt. %) in water emulsion was prepared at optimized parameters such as sonication time of 20 min, surfactant concentration of 7.5 wt. % of the total emulsion with (Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) HLB value of 12 and power amplitude of 35% (of the total power of 750 W). The prepared emulsions stability was assessed over visual observation and kinetic stability of the emulsion after formulation with 7, 30 and 90 days’ time interval term as long-term stability reported as a fraction of phase separation in percentage (f (%)). The ultrasonically prepared emulsion was found to more stable with the mean droplet diameter (MDD) of 22-23 nm, whereas, conventionally prepared emulsion get separated and creamed within the day as well as formulation required more process time and energy dissipation.

中文翻译：

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超声辅助香茅油水纳米乳液的制备及与常规方法的比较

这项研究涉及具有不同工艺参数的香茅油基纳米乳液的声空化辅助工艺强化。在优化的参数如20分钟的超声处理时间，7.5wt。％的表面活性剂浓度下，制备了香茅油（10重量％）的水乳液。（亲水亲脂平衡）HLB值为12，功率振幅为35％（占总功率750 W）的总乳液的％。通过目视观察和在配制后第7、30和90天的时间间隔期限后的乳液动力学动力学稳定性来评估所制备的乳液稳定性，因为长期稳定性以相分离分数（f（％））。发现超声制备的乳液具有22-23 nm的平均液滴直径（MDD）更稳定，而常规制备的乳液在一天之内被分离和乳化，并且配方需要更多的处理时间和更多的能量消耗。