In the light of changes in the living conditions of populations, excess adiposity is currently a serious public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the body fat ratio among preschool children aged 3–7 years from Kraków, Poland, between 2008 and 2018. The study group consisted of children examined in two cross-sectional studies. Analysed characteristics included triceps, calf, subscapular, abdominal and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses, and adiposity calculated according to Slaughter’s equations. The trunk adiposity index and limbs-to-trunk fat ratio were also calculated. Statistical significance was obtained using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests. Lower-limb adiposity was largest in the 2008 cohort and trunk adiposity was greater in the 2018 cohort. The mean values of the trunk adiposity index and limbs-to-trunk fat ratio were lower in the 2018 cohort than in the 2008 cohort. The 2018 cohort was also characterized by a lower overall adiposity. Regardless of the lower body adiposity percentage, in 2018 there was a tendency towards the central allocation of fat tissue. This is a negative phenomenon because, especially when co-existing with reduced lower-limb adiposity, it is associated with an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, even in young children.

中文翻译：

---

2008 年至 2018 年波兰克拉科夫学龄前儿童肥胖和脂肪组织分布的变化

鉴于人口生活条件的变化，过度肥胖目前是世界范围内严重的公共卫生问题。本研究的目的是评估 2008 年至 2018 年间波兰克拉科夫 3-7 岁学龄前儿童的体脂率变化。研究组由两项横断面研究中检查的儿童组成。分析的特征包括三头肌、小腿、肩胛下、腹部和髂上皮褶厚度，以及根据 Slaughter 方程计算的肥胖。还计算了躯干肥胖指数和四肢与躯干脂肪比。使用双向 ANOVA 和 Tukey 检验获得统计显着性。下肢肥胖在 2008 年队列中最大，躯干肥胖在 2018 年队列中更大。2018 年队列中躯干肥胖指数和四肢与躯干脂肪比率的平均值低于 2008 年队列。2018 年队列的另一个特点是总体肥胖率较低。无论下半身肥胖百分比如何，2018 年脂肪组织都倾向于集中分配。这是一种负面现象，因为，尤其是在下肢肥胖减少的情况下，它与代谢和心血管疾病的风险增加有关，即使在幼儿中也是如此。