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Glacial change and hydrological implications in the Himalaya and Karakoram
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment ( IF 42.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-02 , DOI: 10.1038/s43017-020-00124-w
Yong Nie , Hamish D. Pritchard , Qiao Liu , Thomas Hennig , Wenling Wang , Xiaoming Wang , Shiyin Liu , Santosh Nepal , Denis Samyn , Kenneth Hewitt , Xiaoqing Chen

Glaciers in the Himalaya–Karakoram mountain ranges harbour approximately half of the ice volume in High-mountain Asia and modulate the flow of freshwater to almost 869 million people within the Indus, Tarim, Ganges and Brahmaputra river basins. Since the mid-twentieth century, rising temperatures have led to unsustainably high melting rates for many glaciers, particularly in the Himalaya, temporarily increasing summer meltwater run-off but continuously reducing the ice-storage volume. In this Review, we discuss how and why glaciers and meltwater supplies have changed, how they will likely evolve in the future and how these changes impact water resources and water-related hazards. Heterogeneous glacier retreat is changing streamflow patterns, in turn, affecting the incidence of glacial-lake outburst floods and exacerbating the risk of flooding and water shortages associated with future climate change. These changes could negatively impact downstream populations and infrastructure, including the thriving hydropower sector and some of the world’s largest irrigated agriculture systems, by making water flow more extreme and unpredictable. An improved in situ monitoring network for weather, hydrology and glacier change is a crucial requirement for predicting the future of this resource and associated hazards, and their impact on regional water, energy and food security.



中文翻译:

喜马拉雅山和喀喇昆仑山的冰川变化及其水文影响

喜马拉雅山至喀喇昆仑山山脉的冰川蕴藏着亚洲高山的大约一半的冰量,并在印度河,塔里木河,恒河和雅鲁藏布江流域内调节了近8.69亿人的淡水流量。自二十世纪中叶以来,气温上升导致许多冰川(特别是在喜马拉雅山)的融化速率达到不可持续的高水平,从而暂时增加了夏季融水的径流,但不断减少了冰蓄积量。在这篇评论中,我们讨论了冰川和融水供应的变化方式和原因,以及它们在未来可能如何演变,以及这些变化如何影响水资源和与水相关的危害。非均质的冰川撤退正在改变水流模式,影响冰川湖爆发洪水的发生,并加剧与未来气候变化相关的洪水和水资源短缺的风险。这些变化可能会使水流更加极端且不可预测,从而对下游人口和基础设施(包括蓬勃发展的水电部门和一些世界上最大的灌溉农业系统)产生负面影响。改进的天气,水文和冰川变化实地监测网络是预测这种资源及其相关危害及其对区域水,能源和粮食安全的影响的一项关键要求。通过使水流更加极端且不可预测,包括蓬勃发展的水电部门和一些世界上最大的灌溉农业系统。改进的天气,水文和冰川变化实地监测网络是预测这种资源及其相关危害及其对区域水,能源和粮食安全的影响的一项关键要求。通过使水流更加极端且不可预测,包括蓬勃发展的水电部门和一些世界上最大的灌溉农业系统。改进的天气,水文和冰川变化实地监测网络是预测这种资源及其相关危害及其对区域水,能源和粮食安全的影响的一项关键要求。

更新日期:2021-02-02
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