Abstract

Language is said to be the arbitrary vocal symbol. This implies that language consists of speech sounds (e.g., sounds produced by using speech organs) based on the social agreement or convention. A certain word has a meaning because of the language users have given it. A word and its meaning are the results of social agreement or convention. This article is an attempt to develop the coverage of arbitrariness of a language relating to the concept provided by Ferdinand de Saussure, namely: the relationship between the signifiant and the signifie. The arbitrariness (1) might extend to linguistic features belonging to the particular language, (2) might be examined in the naming of a thing, an animal, or any object and what it symbolizes, (3) lies in the use of the same thing with different words to refer to, (4) might extend to the creation of terms to refer to the same thing, (5) is associated with the grammatical features of languages, (6) is related to creating a “new language’ based on the existing language. This arbitrariness of a language has implications on the language use that relies on relationships of word denotations based on socio-cultural agreements. A language-use is controlled by linguistic etiquette. Linguistic etiquette is something like guidance for language use in a socio-cultural setting. Linguistic principles cover politeness principles and euphemism. These are meant to make the utterances used in social communication and interaction socially polite and acceptable.

摘要

语言被认为是任意的声音符号。这意味着语言由基于社交协议或约定的语音（例如，使用语音器官产生的语音）组成。某个单词之所以具有含义，是因为用户使用了该语言。一个词及其含义是社会共识或惯例的结果。这篇文章是制定与通过索绪尔，即所提供的概念的语言的随意性的覆盖范围的尝试：在关系signifiant和signifie。任意性（1）可能会扩展到属于特定语言的语言特征；（2）可能会以事物，动物或任何物体的名称及其象征的名称进行检查；（3）在于使用相同的语言指不同单词的事物，（4）可能扩展到指代同一事物的术语的创建，（5）与语言的语法特征相关，（6）与基于“新语言”的创建相关在现有语言上。语言的这种任意性对依赖于基于社会文化协议的词义关系的语言使用产生了影响。语言使用受语言礼节控制。语言礼节类似于在社会文化环境中使用语言的指南。语言原则涵盖礼貌原则和委婉语。