Cardiac catheterism is important because it offers many advantages in comparison to open surgery, for example, fewer injuries, lower risk of infections, and shorter recovery times. Simulators play a fundamental role in training packages, and virtual learning environments are less stressful. Moreover, they can also be used in certification boards and in performance assessments. A realistic and interactive simulator must be fast. In this work, the physical model of the guidewire used in catheter simulations has been improved. In particular, we determined a simple analytic expression to calculate the direction of a guidewire segment, which minimizes the total energy. The surface energy resulting from the guidewire--artery interaction and the bending energy of the guidewire is approximated up to the second order, which gives rise to interactions between segments. Furthermore, the multiple segment relaxations are introduced, enhancing the convergence especially at the beginning of the relaxation cycle. The formulas are written in matrix form of dimension $4M×4M$⁠, where $M$ represents the number of segments varied in the update step. The method results in a more stable static solution.

心导管术很重要，因为与开放手术相比，它具有许多优势，例如，受伤更少、感染风险更低和恢复时间更短。模拟器在培训包中发挥着重要作用，虚拟学习环境压力较小。此外，它们还可用于认证委员会和绩效评估。逼真的交互式模拟器必须很快。在这项工作中，导管模拟中使用的导丝的物理模型得到了改进。特别是，我们确定了一个简单的解析表达式来计算导丝段的方向，从而最大限度地减少总能量。由导丝-动脉相互作用产生的表面能和导丝的弯曲能近似为二阶，这引起了段之间的相互作用。此外，引入了多段弛豫，增强了收敛性，尤其是在弛豫周期开始时。公式以矩阵形式写成维度$4米×4米$⁠ , 哪里$米$表示在更新步骤中变化的段数。该方法产生更稳定的静态解。