In this study, by examining various growth temperature and time, graphene sheets and CNTs have been grown on the surface of TiO₂ nanotubes to produce TiO₂-carbon hybrid material (TNG) using the chemical vapor deposition method. The produced hybrid structures were analyzed with FESEM, EDS, Raman, XRD, and TGA. Then, photoelectrochemical properties of prepared films were evaluated by measurements of the photocurrent density-voltage and photocurrent density-time curves. The TiO₂ nanotube-graphene hybrid material sample (sample TNG₁₀) exhibited enhanced photoelectrochemical water-splitting performances, compared with bare TiO₂ nanotube. The photoelectrochemical results revealed that optimum graphene incorporated into TiO₂ nanotubes played a crucial role. Therefore, this hybrid catalyst could be considered as a potential candidate for industrial water splitting.

中文翻译：

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TiO2纳米管-石墨烯-CNT杂化结构的低温制备及光电化学性能

在这项研究中，通过检查不同的生长温度和时间，石墨烯片和碳纳米管已在 TiO ₂纳米管表面生长，以使用化学气相沉积方法生产 TiO _{2 -}碳杂化材料 (TNG)。使用 FESEM、EDS、拉曼、XRD 和 TGA 分析产生的混合结构。然后，通过测量光电流密度-电压和光电流密度-时间曲线来评估制备的薄膜的光电化学性能。与裸TiO ₂相比，TiO ₂纳米管-石墨烯杂化材料样品（样品TNG ₁₀）表现出增强的光电化学水分解性能纳米管。光电化学结果表明，掺入TiO ₂纳米管的最佳石墨烯起着至关重要的作用。因此，这种混合催化剂可以被认为是工业水分解的潜在候选者。