Owing to the weak self-assembly ability of precursor components and the unadjustable limitation of micelle structures during assembly process, the synthesis of mesoporous colloidal nanospheres with sophisticated multimodal pore system remains a great challenge. Herein, we report a programmable shear-induced dynamic assembly approach to synthesize radially gradient-structured mesoporous carbon nanospheres with tunable core-shell architectures. Detailed mechanism studies reveal that the micelle structures in our system can be well adjusted by changing the shear force. More importantly, the synthetic process can be programmatically proceeded by setting up an on-demand stirring model, resulting in the intelligent assembly of multimodal mesostructures. The resultant mesoporous carbon nanospheres show small particle size, high surface area, abundant nitrogen species, and radially oriented open-porous structure and, as a result, deliver high capability and ultra-long cyclic life for sodium-ion storage. This facile programmable assembly approach would offer new opportunities in exploring sophisticated multimodal mesostructures for innovative applications.

由于前体组分的自组装能力弱以及组装过程中胶束结构的不可调节的局限性，具有复杂的多峰孔系统的介孔胶体纳米球的合成仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在这里，我们报告了一种可编程的剪切诱导动态组装方法，以利用可调的核壳结构合成径向梯度结构的介孔碳纳米球。详细的机理研究表明，通过改变剪切力可以很好地调节系统中的胶束结构。更重要的是，可以通过建立按需搅拌模型来以编程方式进行合成过程，从而实现多峰介观结构的智能组装。所得的介孔碳纳米球显示出较小的粒径，较高的表面积，丰富的氮种类和径向取向的开孔结构，因此，钠离子存储具有很高的容量和超长的循环寿命。这种简便的可编程组装方法将为探索用于创新应用的复杂多峰介观结构提供新的机会。