Applied Soil Ecology ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-02 , DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2021.103908 Juliane Schmitt , Valéria Ortaça Portela , Natielo Almeida Santana , Joice Aline Freiberg , Cristiano Bellé , Danrley Pacheco , Zaida Inês Antoniolli , Ibanor Anghinoni , Juvenil Enrique Cares , Jerônimo Vieira de Araújo Filho , Rodrigo Josemar Seminoti Jacques
Integrated crop–livestock (ICL) systems increase food production and improve environmental quality, but these benefits may be outweighed by overgrazing, monocropping, and the use of plants susceptible to plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN). The objective of this work was to study the occurrence of PPN in an ICL system cultivated for 16 years with low plant diversity and managed with four grazing intensities. The experiment was conducted on a 22-hectare experimental area cultivated with Glycine max for grain production (summer) and Avena strigosa + Lolium multiflorum for cattle grazing (winter), in a subtropical region of Brazil. The treatments consisted of different grazing intensities, represented by sward heights of 10, 20, 30, and 40 cm; ungrazed plots; and a natural pasture as the reference system. The soil samples were collected during flowering of soybeans and of pasture to identify and quantify PPN (genera and species) and determine the physical, chemical, and soil cover properties. Eleven genera of PPN were identified. Helicotylenchus was the dominant taxon in all treatments, but only the species H. dihystera was present. A greater grazing height resulted in greater PPN abundance in the winter but did not affect the nematode abundance where soybean was subsequently grown. Despite low plant diversity and overgrazing in some treatments, the conditions of this ICL system limit the growth of PPN populations.
中文翻译:
低植物多样性的作物-畜牧综合系统中放牧强度对植物寄生线虫的影响
作物-畜牧综合系统(ICL)提高了粮食产量并改善了环境质量,但是过度放牧,单作和使用易受植物寄生线虫(PPN)侵害的植物可能无法抵消这些益处。这项工作的目的是研究在种植了16年低植物多样性并以四种放牧强度进行管理的ICL系统中PPN的发生。该实验是在22公顷的试验田上进行的,该试验田种植了最大的大豆 (夏季)和藜麦 + 多花黑麦草,用于种植谷物。用于巴西亚热带地区的放牧牛(冬季)。处理由不同的放牧强度组成,以10、20、30和40厘米的草皮高度表示。无毛的地块;并以天然牧场为参考系统。在大豆和牧场开花期间收集土壤样品,以鉴定和定量PPN(属和种),并确定其物理,化学和土壤覆盖特性。确定了11个PPN属。螺旋藻是所有处理中的主要分类单元,但仅H. dihystera种存在。较高的放牧高度导致冬季PPN含量较高,但不影响随后种植大豆的线虫含量。尽管某些处理中植物多样性较低且过度放牧,但这种ICL系统的条件限制了PPN种群的增长。