The past decades saw the expansion of the geography of comparative welfare state research beyond the three worlds embracing a heterogeneous set of mainly middle-income countries. In response, two leading state-of-the-art tools for measuring welfare states through social rights, Social Citizenship Indicators Program (SCIP) and Comparative Welfare Entitlements Dataset (CWED), integrated many new countries into their datasets. Comparative welfare state research has yet to address the extent to which these measurement tools originally developed for measuring classic welfare states work equally well for measuring welfare states beyond the three worlds. In this article, we explore a number of challenges these datasets face in measuring these new cases. These challenges, we believe, stem from a set of key institutional characteristics widely prevalent in these welfare states. These characteristics are overt and hidden conditionalities, unconventional instruments, informal practices, nature of changes in statutory pension age and labour market characteristics of the representative worker. We propose a set of solutions to refine these datasets for comparing all cases, old and new. We conclude by drawing lessons for comparative research focusing not only on welfare states beyond the three worlds but also on the three worlds themselves.

中文翻译：

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衡量三个世界之外的福利状态：完善最先进的工具

在过去的几十年里，比较福利国家研究的地理范围扩展到三个世界之外，包括一组主要是中等收入国家的异类。作为回应，通过社会权利衡量福利国家的两个领先的最先进工具，社会公民指标计划 (SCIP) 和比较福利权利数据集 (CWED)，将许多新国家整合到他们的数据集中。比较福利国家研究尚未解决这些最初用于衡量经典福利国家的衡量工具在多大程度上同样适用于衡量三个世界以外的福利国家的问题。在本文中，我们探讨了这些数据集在衡量这些新案例时面临的许多挑战。我们相信，这些挑战 源于这些福利国家中广泛流行的一系列关键制度特征。这些特征是公开和隐藏的条件、非常规工具、非正式做法、法定养老金年龄变化的性质以及代表性工人的劳动力市场特征。我们提出了一套解决方案来改进这些数据集，以比较所有新旧案例。最后，我们总结了不仅关注三个世界之外的福利国家而且关注三个世界本身的比较研究的经验教训。我们提出了一套解决方案来改进这些数据集，以比较所有新旧案例。最后，我们总结了不仅关注三个世界之外的福利国家而且关注三个世界本身的比较研究的经验教训。我们提出了一套解决方案来改进这些数据集，以比较所有新旧案例。最后，我们总结了不仅关注三个世界之外的福利国家而且关注三个世界本身的比较研究的经验教训。