Using USDA's National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS), we estimated block group‐level spending‐weighted mean distance to the retailers where consumers actually shop (3.9 miles overall; 7.0 miles in rural areas and 3.0 miles in urban areas). Holding constant retailer type, every 10% increase in travel distance was associated with a 3.5% decrease in the food‐at‐home spending share. If consumers travel farther to get food, it may signal that they lack satisfactory options at closer distances. Spending‐weighted mean travel distance could support measures of food retail gaps that are consistent both with consumers' revealed preferences and retailers' incentives.

中文翻译：

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消费者可以移动时食品零售环境的质量

我们使用美国农业部的《全国家庭食物购买与购买调查》（FoodAPS），估计了大宗商品组级别的消费加权平均距离，即到消费者实际购物的零售商的距离（总体为3.9英里；农村地区为7.0英里；城市地区为3.0英里）。保持不变的零售商类型，出行距离每增加10％，居家食品支出份额减少3.5％。如果消费者走得更远以获取食物，则可能表明他们在近距离处缺乏令人满意的选择。支出加权平均旅行距离可以支持对食品零售缺口的衡量，该缺口既符合消费者的喜好，也符合零售商的激励。