Innovation clusters combining public and private effort to develop breakthrough technologies promise greater technological advances to slow down climate change. We use a multi-country model with an emission trading system to examine whether and how international climate policy can incentivize countries to create such innovation clusters. We find that a minimal carbon price is needed to attract applied research firms, but countries may nevertheless fail to invest in complementary research infrastructure. We construct a mechanism that leads to innovation clusters when emissions targets are set before uncertainty surrounding technological developments is resolved. It is a combination of low permit endowments for the country with the lowest costs to build the needed infrastructure, compensation for this country by profits from permit trade, and maximal possible permit endowments for the remaining countries. We outline how the EU-ETS can be further refined according to this mechanism.

结合公共和私人努力开发突破性技术的创新集群有望取得更大的技术进步，以减缓气候变化。我们使用具有排放交易系统的多国模型来研究国际气候政策是否以及如何激励各国创建此类创新集群。我们发现需要最低的碳价格来吸引应用研究公司，但各国可能仍然无法投资于互补的研究基础设施。在解决技术发展的不确定性之前设定排放目标时，我们构建了一个导致创新集群的机制。它是国家以最低成本建造所需基础设施的低许可证禀赋，通过许可证贸易的利润对这个国家的补偿，以及对其余国家的最大可能的许可禀赋。我们概述了如何根据这种机制进一步完善 EU-ETS。