Akebia trifoliata subsp. australis is a well-known medicinal and potential woody oil plant in China. The limited genetic information available for A. trifoliata subsp. australis has hindered its exploitation. Here, a high-quality chromosome-level genome sequence of A. trifoliata subsp. australis is reported. The de novo genome assembly of 682.14 Mb was generated with a scaffold N50 of 43.11 Mb. The genome includes 25,598 protein-coding genes, and 71.18% (485.55 Mb) of the assembled sequences were identified as repetitive sequences. An ongoing massive burst of long terminal repeat (LTR) insertions, which occurred ~1.0 million years ago, has contributed a large proportion of LTRs in the genome of A. trifoliata subsp. australis. Phylogenetic analysis shows that A. trifoliata subsp. australis is closely related to Aquilegia coerulea and forms a clade with Papaver somniferum and Nelumbo nucifera, which supports the well-established hypothesis of a close relationship between basal eudicot species. The expansion of UDP-glucoronosyl and UDP-glucosyl transferase gene families and β-amyrin synthase-like genes and the exclusive contraction of terpene synthase gene families may be responsible for the abundant oleanane-type triterpenoids in A. trifoliata subsp. australis. Furthermore, the acyl-ACP desaturase gene family, including 12 stearoyl-acyl-carrier protein desaturase (SAD) genes, has expanded exclusively. A combined transcriptome and fatty-acid analysis of seeds at five developmental stages revealed that homologs of SADs, acyl-lipid desaturase omega fatty acid desaturases (FADs), and oleosins were highly expressed, consistent with the rapid increase in the content of fatty acids, especially unsaturated fatty acids. The genomic sequences of A. trifoliata subsp. australis will be a valuable resource for comparative genomic analyses and molecular breeding.

中文翻译：

---

对三叶木通亚种染色体水平基因组分析提供的三萜合成和不饱和脂肪酸积累的见解。澳大利亚

三叶木通亚种澳大利亚是我国著名的药用和潜在木本油料植物。有限的遗传信息可用于三叶草亚种澳大利亚阻碍了它的开发。在这里，高质量的染色体水平基因组序列三叶草亚种澳大利亚被报道。这从头使用 43.11 Mb 的支架 N50 生成 682.14 Mb 的基因组组装。基因组包括 25,598 个蛋白质编码基因，71.18% (485.55 Mb) 的组装序列被鉴定为重复序列。大约 100 万年前发生的持续大规模的长末端重复 (LTR) 插入，在三叶草亚种澳大利亚. 系统发育分析表明三叶草亚种澳大利亚密切相关耧斗菜并形成一个进化枝罂粟和莲藕，这支持了基础真双子叶植物物种之间密切关系的公认假设。的扩展UDP-葡萄糖醛酸和UDP-葡萄糖基转移酶基因家族和β-香树脂醇合酶样基因和排他性收缩萜烯合酶基因家族可能是造成丰富的齐墩果烷型三萜类化合物的原因。三叶草亚种澳大利亚. 此外，该酰基-ACP去饱和酶基因家族，包括 12硬脂酰-酰基载体蛋白去饱和酶(伤心) 基因，已完全扩展。对五个发育阶段种子的转录组和脂肪酸组合分析表明，SAD、酰基脂质去饱和酶、ω脂肪酸去饱和酶 (FAD) 和油质蛋白的同源物高度表达，与脂肪酸含量的快速增加一致，尤其是不饱和脂肪酸。基因组序列三叶草亚种澳大利亚将成为比较基因组分析和分子育种的宝贵资源。