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Digit ratio (2D:4D) and handedness: A meta-analysis of the available literature
Laterality ( IF 2.167 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-31 , DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2020.1862141
Gareth Richards 1, 2, 3 , Sarah E Medland 4, 5, 6 , Alan A Beaton 7, 8
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

The Geschwind-Behan-Galaburda and sexual differentiation models predict an association between elevated foetal androgen exposure and left-handedness whereas the callosal hypothesis predicts the opposite. We present a meta-analysis of correlations between handedness and digit ratio (2D:4D), a putative marker of prenatal testosterone. Left-handedness predicted low (male-typical) right-hand digit ratio (R2D:4D), high (female-typical) left-hand digit ratio (L2D:4D), and low R2D:4D-L2D:4D directional asymmetry (D[R−L]). Effect sizes were extremely small and not moderated by sex or method of measuring handedness or 2D:4D. The same general pattern was observed after excluding the very large study (110,329 males, 90,412 females) of Manning and Peters ([2009]. Digit ratio (2D:4D) and hand preference for writing in the BBC Internet Study. Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition, 14(5), 528–540. doi:10.1080/13576500802637872); however, no significant effects for R2D:4D were observed once these samples were removed. The results do not confirm any theory linking prenatal androgens with handedness, so we speculate they instead reflect the mechanical action of writing causing subtle changes in the musculature and/or fat pads of the fingers. Gripping a pen/pencil might cause an increase in 2D relative to 4D (and/or decrease in 4D relative to 2D) resulting in higher ratios on the writing-hand; furthermore, this could differ between left- and right-handers due to writing in the left-to-right direction (as in English) having asymmetrical effects depending on which hand is used.



中文翻译:

数字比率 (2D:4D) 和惯用手:对现有文献的荟萃分析

摘要

Geschwind-Behan-Galaburda 和性别分化模型预测胎儿雄激素暴露升高与左撇子之间存在关联,而胼胝体假设则预测相反。我们对惯用手和手指比例 (2D:4D) 之间的相关性进行了荟萃分析,这是一种假定的产前睾酮标志物。左撇子预测低(男性典型)右手手指比率(R2D:4D),高(女性典型)左手手指比率(L2D:4D)和低 R2D:4D-L2D:4D 方向不对称( D [R-L])。影响大小非常小,不受性别或测量惯用手的方法或 2D:4D 的影响。在排除 Manning 和 Peters 的非常大的研究(110,329 名男性,90,412 名女性)后,观察到相同的一般模式([2009]。数字比率(2D:4D)和 BBC 互联网研究中书写的手部偏好。侧向性:不对称性身体,大脑和认知14(5), 528–540。doi:10.1080/13576500802637872); 然而,一旦移除这些样品,就没有观察到对 R2D:4D 的显着影响。结果并未证实任何将产前雄激素与惯用手联系起来的理论,因此我们推测它们反映了书写的机械作用,导致手指肌肉组织和/或脂肪垫发生细微变化。握笔/铅笔可能会导致 2D 相对于 4D 增加(和/或 4D 相对于 2D 减少),从而导致书写手上的比率更高;此外,左撇子和右撇子之间可能会有所不同,因为从左到右的方向(如英语)书写会根据使用的手而产生不对称效果。

更新日期:2021-01-31
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