This article presents an optimization and analysis of open-ended “+” shape slotted microstrip antenna utilizing curve fitting-based particle swarm optimization (PSO) for bandwidth (BW) enhancement and resonant frequency (FR) stabilization at 2.40 GHz design frequency. The optimized antenna BW is obtained 48.68% (1155 MHz) resonating at 2.391 GHz compared to 37.01% (867 MHz) BW of nonoptimized antenna resonating at 2.481 GHz and 13.29% (312 MHz) BW of conventional antenna resonating at 2.353 GHz. The optimization is performed using MATLAB-based PSO program with relationship equations generated by curve fitting software (Graphmatica) for BW and FR. The data for BW and FR is obtained by varying some selected parameters of open-ended “+” shape slotted (nonoptimized) patch antenna using IE3D tool. Finally, the performance of optimized antenna is compared with nonoptimized open-ended “+” shape slotted antenna and conventional antenna. A good agreement is observed between simulated and measured results. The resonating band 1.795 to 2.950 GHz of proposed antenna is suitable for WiMAX (2.3 GHz), WLAN (2.4 GHz), and other applications in partial L and S bands.

中文翻译：

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基于粒子群优化和曲线拟合的开槽微带天线优化与参数分析

本文介绍了开放式“+”形开槽微带天线的优化和分析，利用基于曲线拟合的粒子群优化 (PSO) 来增强带宽 (BW) 和 2.40 GHz 设计频率下的谐振频率 (FR) 稳定性。与在 2.481 GHz 谐振的非优化天线的 37.01% (867 MHz) 和在 2.353 GHz 谐振的传统天线的 13.29% (312 MHz) 带宽相比，优化后的天线带宽为 48.68% (1155 MHz) 优化是使用基于 MATLAB 的 PSO 程序执行的，其中关系方程由曲线拟合软件 (Graphmatica) 生成，用于 BW 和 FR。BW 和 FR 的数据是通过使用 IE3D 工具改变开放式“+”形开槽（未优化）贴片天线的一些选定参数而获得的。最后，优化天线的性能与未优化的开放式“+”形开槽天线和传统天线进行了比较。在模拟结果和测量结果之间观察到良好的一致性。建议天线的谐振频带 1.795 至 2.950 GHz 适用于 WiMAX (2.3 GHz)、WLAN (2.4 GHz) 以及部分 L 和 S 频带中的其他应用。