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Sporopollenin chemistry and its durability in the geological record: an integration of extant and fossil chemical data across the seed plants
Palaeontology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-31 , DOI: 10.1111/pala.12523
Phillip E. Jardine 1 , Carina Hoorn 2 , Maxine A.M. Beer 2 , Natasha Barbolini 2, 3 , Amber Woutersen 2 , Giovanni Bogota‐Angel 2, 4 , William D. Gosling 2 , Wesley T. Fraser 5 , Barry H. Lomax 6 , Huasheng Huang 2 , Matteo Sciumbata 2 , Huajie He 7 , Guillaume Dupont‐Nivet 8, 9
Affiliation  

Sporopollenin is a highly resistant biopolymer that forms the outer wall of pollen and spores (sporomorphs). Recent research into sporopollenin chemistry has opened up a range of new avenues for palynological research, including chemotaxonomic classification of morphologically cryptic taxa. However, there have been limited attempts to directly integrate extant and fossil sporopollenin chemical data. Of particular importance is the impact of sample processing to isolate sporopollenin from fresh sporomorphs, and the extent of chemical changes that occur once sporomorphs enter the geological record. Here, we explore these issues using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy data from extant and fossil grass, Nitraria (a steppe plant), and conifer pollen. We show a 98% classification success rate at subfamily level with extant grass pollen, demonstrating a strong taxonomic signature in isolated sporopollenin. However, we also reveal substantial chemical differences between extant and fossil sporopollenin, which can be tied to both early diagenetic changes acting on the sporomorphs and chemical derivates of sample processing. Our results demonstrate that directly integrating extant and late Quaternary chemical data should be tractable as long as comparable sample processing routines are maintained. Consistent differences between extant and deeper time sporomorphs, however, suggests that classifying fossil specimens using extant training sets will be challenging. Further work is therefore required to understand and simulate the effects of diagenetic processes on sporopollenin chemistry.

中文翻译:

孢粉化学及其在地质记录中的持久性:种子植物中现存和化石化学数据的整合

孢粉是一种高度抗性的生物聚合物,可形成花粉和孢子(孢子体)的外壁。孢粉蛋白化学的最新研究为孢粉学研究开辟了一系列新途径,包括形态隐密的类群的化学分类学分类。然而,已经有有限的尝试直接整合现存的和化石孢粉蛋白化学数据。特别重要的是样品处理从新鲜的孢子中分离孢粉的影响,以及一旦孢子进入地质记录就会发生化学变化的程度。在这里,我们使用来自现存草和化石草(Nitraria)的傅立叶变换红外(FTIR)显微光谱数据探索这些问题(草原植物)和针叶树花粉。我们显示,在现存的草粉中,亚科水平的分类成功率为98%,这表明在分离的孢粉中有很强的分类学特征。但是,我们还揭示了现存的孢子粉与化石孢粉之间的实质性化学差异,这可能与作用于孢子体的早期成岩变化和样品处理的化学衍生物有关。我们的结果表明,只要保持可比较的样品处理程序,直接整合现存和晚期第四纪化学数据就应该易于处理。然而,现存的和较深的孢子体之间的一致差异表明,使用现存的训练集对化石标本进行分类将具有挑战性。
更新日期:2021-03-07
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