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How Do the Purcell Factor, the Q‐Factor, and the Beta Factor Affect the Laser Threshold?
Laser & Photonics Reviews ( IF 11.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 , DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202000250
Jacob B. Khurgin 1 , Mikhail A. Noginov 2
Affiliation  

As lasers get more and more miniaturized and their dimensions become comparable to the wavelength, two interconnected phenomena take place: the fraction of spontaneous radiation going into a specific laser mode (β‐factor) increases and can ultimately reach unity, while the radiative lifetime gets shortened by the Purcell factor Fp. Often it is assumed that an increase of these two factors, along with the quality factor (Q‐factor), almost invariably causes reduction of the lasing threshold. This assumption is tested on various photonic and plasmonic lasers, demonstrating that, while there is obvious correlation between the aforementioned factors and the laser threshold, the dependence is far from being straightforward and omnipresent. Depending on specific laser material and geometry, the threshold can decrease, increase, or stay unchanged when β‐factor, Q‐factor, and Fp increase. For the most part, the reduction of threshold is achieved simply by reducing the laser volume and this volume reduction can concurrently cause the increase in β‐factor and/or Purcell factor, but it would be imprudent to say that the increase in either of these factors is the cause of the threshold reduction.

中文翻译:

赛尔因子,Q因子和β因子如何影响激光阈值?

随着激光越来越小型化,其尺寸变得与波长可比,发生了两种相互关联的现象:进入特定激光模式(β因子)的自发辐射所占的比例增加,最终可以达到统一,而辐射寿命却越来越长。通过赛尔因子F p缩短。通常假设这两个因素以及质量因素(Q系数),几乎总是导致激光阈值降低。该假设已在各种光子和等离子激光器上进行了测试,证明了,尽管上述因素与激光阈值之间存在明显的相关性,但这种依赖性远非直截了当且无处不在。根据特定的激光材料和几何形状,当β因子,Q因子和F p增大时,阈值可以减小,增大或保持不变。在大多数情况下,阈值的减小仅通过减小激光的体积即可实现,而这种体积的减小会同时导致β的增大-和/或赛尔(Purcell)因子,但要说这两个因子中任一个的增加都是阈值降低的原因,这是不明智的。
更新日期:2021-03-11
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