A previous meta-analysis demonstrated short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM) dysfunction in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, considerable research on the topic that calls into question the extent of such impairments in PD has since been published. The aim of the present quantitative review was to provide the largest statistical overview on STM and WM dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease (PD), while simultaneously providing novel insights on moderating factors of effect size heterogeneity in PD. The systematic literature search in PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, Scopus and Web of Science databases allowed us to estimate 350 effect sizes from 145 empirical studies that reported STM and WM scores for patients with PD against healthy controls. The outcomes indicated general dysfunction in the visuospatial domain and poor verbal WM in PD. Subgroup analyses suggested that mild cognitive impairment is associated with STM and WM difficulties in PD. Furthermore, meta-regression analyses revealed that disease duration accounted for more than 80% of the visuospatial STM effect size variance (β = 0.136, p < .001, R² = .8272), larger daily levodopa equivalent dose was associated with WM dysfunction (verbal: β = -0.001, p = .016, R² = .1812; visuospatial: β = 0.003, p = .069, R² = .2340), and years of education partially explained the verbal STM effect size variance (β = -0.027, p = .040, R² = .1171). Collectively, these findings advance our understanding of underlying factors that influence STM and WM functioning in PD, while at the same time providing novel directions for future research.

先前的荟萃分析表明，帕金森病 (PD) 患者存在短期记忆 (STM) 和工作记忆 (WM) 功能障碍。然而，关于这一主题的大量研究已经发表，这些研究对 PD 中这种损伤的程度提出了质疑。本定量综述的目的是提供关于帕金森病 (PD) 中 STM 和 WM 功能障碍的最大统计概述，同时提供关于 PD 效应大小异质性调节因素的新见解。在 PubMed、PsycINFO、PsycArticles、Scopus 和 Web of Science 数据库中进行的系统文献搜索使我们能够从 145 项实证研究中估计 350 个效应量，这些研究报告了 PD 患者与健康对照者的 STM 和 WM 评分。结果表明视觉空间域的一般功能障碍和 PD 的语言 WM 差。亚组分析表明，轻度认知障碍与 PD 中的 STM 和 WM 困难有关。此外，元回归分析显示，疾病持续时间占视觉空间 STM 效应大小方差的 80% 以上。β  = 0.136，p  < .001，R ²  = .8272），较大的每日左旋多巴等效剂量与 WM 功能障碍相关（语言：β  = -0.001，p  = .016  ，R ² = .1812；视觉空间：β  = 0.003 , p  = .069, R ²  = .2340)，受教育年限部分解释了口头 STM 效应大小方差 ( β  = -0.027, p  = .040, R ² = .1171）。总的来说，这些发现促进了我们对影响 STM 和 WM 在 PD 中功能的潜在因素的理解，同时为未来的研究提供了新的方向。