Since ancient times, bamboos have been used by different cultures in folk medicine for the treatment of many diseases, among them, bacterial infections. Brazil has a great diversity of herbaceous and woody bamboo species, many of them endemic. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial potential of leaf extracts of seven Brazilian native bamboo species: Olyra glaberrima (OG), Parodiolyra micrantha (PM), Aulonemia aristulata (AA), Filgueirasia arenicola (FA), Filgueirasia cannavieira (FC), Merostachys neesii (MN), and Merostachys pluriflora (MP). Antibacterial activity of hexane (HE), hydroethanol (EE), and aqueous (AE) extracts from bamboo leaves were evaluated by the broth microdilution method against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria), and Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive bacterium). Hexane extracts were the most active against all bacteria tested and showed a bacteriostatic effect. Hexane extracts of OG, FC, and MP inhibited the growth of B. subtilis; IC₅₀: 0.39, 0.86, and 0.87 mg mL⁻¹, respectively. Almost all HE was active against E. coli, exception for OG and FA extracts; furthermore, the HE of MP was the most active against E. coli, showing the lowest IC₅₀ (1.12 mg mL⁻¹). Overall, the extracts were more promising against P. aeruginosa with HE of MP being the most active extract (IC₅₀: 0.36 mg mL⁻¹). In conclusion, Brazilian native bamboos, like the Asian ones, showed antibacterial activity. Moreover, the most promising studied species was M. pluriflora; HE of MP inhibited the growth of the three bacteria tested.

从远古时代开始，民间文化就在不同的文化中使用竹子来治疗许多疾病，其中包括细菌感染。巴西的草本和木本竹种种类繁多，其中许多是特有的。这项研究旨在调查7种巴西本土竹子的叶提取物的抗菌潜力：Olyra glaberrima（OG），Parodiolyra micrantha（PM），Aulonemia aristulata（AA），Filgueirasia arenicola（FA），Filgueirasia cannavieira（FC），Merostachys neesii（MN）和Merostachys pluriflora（MP）。肉汤微稀释法评价了竹叶中己烷（HE），氢乙醇（EE）和水提取物（AE）的提取物对铜绿假单胞菌和大肠杆菌（革兰氏阴性菌）和枯草芽孢杆菌（革兰氏阳性菌）的抗菌活性。）。己烷提取物对所有测试细菌最活跃，并显示出抑菌作用。OG，FC和MP的己烷提取物可抑制枯草芽孢杆菌的生长。IC ₅₀：分别为0.39、0.86和0.87mg mL ^-1。除OG和FA提取物外，几乎所有HE对大肠杆菌都具有活性。此外，MP的HE对大肠杆菌最活跃，显示出最低的IC ₅₀（1.12 mg mL ^-1）。总体而言，提取物对铜绿假单胞菌更有希望，其中MP的HE是最具活性的提取物（IC ₅₀：0.36 mg mL ^-1）。总之，巴西的本地竹子与亚洲的竹子一样，具有抗菌活性。此外，最有前途的研究物种是M. pluriflora。MP的HE抑制了所测试的三种细菌的生长。