Using individual-level data from the National Family Research of Japan Survey (1999, 2004 and 2009) and exploiting variation in the share of individuals with non-traditional gender norms across birth-cohorts, survey year, education, and prefecture, we find that an increase in the share of individuals with non-traditional beliefs by one standard deviation is associated with an increase in Japanese women’s decision to work by 0.016 percentage points, the equivalent of an increase of 3.4% standard deviation. Our measure of non-traditional gender norms is the share of women who disagree with the statement “men should work outside and women should look after the family”. As we conduct a battery of sensitivity analyses and placebo tests, our findings suggest an impact of non-traditional norms on Japanese women’s decision to work full-time.

我们使用日本全国家庭研究调查（1999年，2004年和2009年）的个人数据，并利用出生地，调查年份，教育程度和县之间具有非传统性别规范的个体所占比例的差异，发现非传统信仰人士的份额增加一个标准偏差，将导致日本女性工作决定增加0.016个百分点，相当于标准偏差增加3.4％。我们对非传统性别规范的衡量标准是不赞成“男人应该在外面工作而女人应该照顾家庭”这一说法的女性比例”。当我们进行一系列敏感性分析和安慰剂测试时，我们的发现表明非传统规范对日本女性全职工作的决定产生了影响。