Nanowires are one of the most promising nano-building blocks for many applications, including sensors/biosensors, electronics, photonics, energy conversion and storage devices, MEMS and NEMS, biotechnology and nanomedicine. With the growing demands of multi-purpose and multi-functional materials in these fields, different types of multi-component nanowires with complex structures have been designed and fabricated. Among various fabrication methods, porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) and polycarbonate (PC) membranes are well-established hard templates that have been used for synthesizing a variety of nanowires and nanowire structures. In this article, a comprehensive review of template-synthesized multi-component nanowire structures has been given, including multi-segmented, core-shell and multi-element nanowires, which can be synthesized by using these hard templates in a sequential or parallel way. Besides, the assembly and integration of different functions and properties into smaller and lighter devices require careful interfacial design and synthesis of multi-component nanowires. The interfacial structure and properties, such as interface uniformity, intermetallic compound formation and surface oxidation, have significant impact on the electrical and thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, functionality, stability and reliability of nanowire-based electronics and devices. A rational interfacial design is crucially important to improve these properties of nanowire devices for emerging multi-functional sensors and actuators, due in fact that sensors and actuators are among the most important components in many electronics and products. Multi-component nanowire based sensors and actuators have potential applications in a wide range of mechanical, electrical, thermal, and biomedical devices.

纳米线是许多应用中最有前途的纳米构建模块之一，包括传感器/生物传感器，电子产品，光子学，能量转换和存储设备，MEMS和NEMS，生物技术和纳米医学。随着这些领域对多功能和多功能材料的需求不断增长，已经设计和制造了具有复杂结构的不同类型的多组分纳米线。在各种制造方法中，多孔阳极氧化铝（AAO）和聚碳酸酯（PC）膜是公认的硬模板，已用于合成各种纳米线和纳米线结构。本文对模板合成的多组分纳米线结构进行了全面综述，包括多段，核壳和多元素纳米线，可以通过以顺序或并行方式使用这些硬模板来进行合成。此外，将不同功能和特性组装和集成到更小，更轻的设备中需要仔细的界面设计和多组分纳米线的合成。界面结构和特性（例如界面均匀性，金属间化合物的形成和表面氧化）对基于纳米线的电子产品和设备的电导率和导热率，机械强度，功能性，稳定性和可靠性具有重大影响。合理的界面设计对于改善新兴的多功能传感器和执行器的纳米线设备的这些特性至关重要，因为事实上传感器和执行器是许多电子产品和产品中最重要的组件之一。