The behavior of utility lined tunnels under single and multiple earthquakes is studied under the assumptions of inelastic material behavior of the liner and the rock medium and full three-dimensionality. Inelasticity in both media is modeled by the theory of damage mechanics. The seismic response of the rock-structure-fluid system is parametrically studied in order to assess the degree of influence of the various parameters on that response. These parameters are material parameters, such as Poisson's ratio of concrete liner and rock, geometrical parameters, like depth of the tunnel from the ground surface or the liner thickness, seismic load parameters, like seismic intensity, multiplicity of earthquakes and seismic incident angle, and interaction parameters, like rock-structure interaction and fluid-structure interaction. Thus, the seismic response of utility tunnels, as influenced by the above parameters, is assessed and useful conclusions are drawn.

在衬砌和岩石介质的非弹性材料行为和全三维的假设下，研究了单次和多次地震作用下的衬砌隧道的行为。两种介质中的非弹性都是通过损伤力学理论建模的。为了评估各种参数对该响应的影响程度，对岩石-流体系统的地震响应进行了参数研究。这些参数包括材料参数（例如混凝土衬砌和岩石的泊松比），几何参数（例如距地面或衬砌厚度的隧道深度），地震荷载参数（例如地震强度，地震多重性和地震入射角）以及相互作用参数，例如岩石-结构相互作用和流体-结构相互作用。从而，