Earthworms contribute to a wide range of ecosystem services in agriculture. Most studies focusing on impacts of annual crop management on earthworm communities are related to soil tillage, fertilisation or pesticides, while the effect of introducing temporary grassland into an annual crop rotation remains largely unknown. In this context, the aims of the present study were to evaluate effects of (i) introducing grassland into a crop rotation, (ii) grassland duration and (iii) grassland fertilisation on earthworm communities and grassland forage production in a long-term experimental station in western France. Three years of highly fertilised (230 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ of mineral nitrogen) grassland preceded by three years of annual crop rotation was compared to an annual crop rotation without grassland and to six years of grassland either lightly (30 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ of mineral nitrogen) or highly (230 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ of mineral nitrogen) fertilised. Grassland introduction into a crop rotation significantly increased earthworm abundance, biomass, and diversity, especially for anecic species, and improved the functional structure of the earthworm community. Grassland duration and fertilisation increased earthworm abundance and biomass, especially for anecics, without affecting endogeic species and earthworm diversity. Grassland duration did not increase forage production, but the increase in fertilisation did. Three years of highly fertilised grassland significantly increased earthworm abundance and biomass, improved the functional structure of the earthworm community and produced as much forage per year as six years of highly fertilised grassland. Overall, the introduction of grassland into annual crop rotations appears an effective way to rapidly increase earthworm community parameters and, given the important role of earthworms in soils, enhance soil functioning.

to为农业提供了广泛的生态系统服务。大多数侧重于年度作物管理对earth群落影响的研究与土壤耕作，施肥或杀虫剂有关，而在每年的作物轮作中引入临时草地的影响仍然未知。在这种情况下，本研究的目的是评估（i）将草地引入作物轮作中；（ii）草地持续时间；以及（iii）在长期实验站中对on群落和草地牧草生产的草地施肥在法国西部。三年高施肥（230 kg公顷- ¹ 年^-1矿物氮）草地三年年度轮作的前面进行比较每年轮作而不草原和六年草原的任轻轻（30公斤公顷^-1 年^-1矿物氮）或高度（230公斤公顷^{- 1} 年^-1矿物质氮）受精。向作物轮作中引入草原会显着增加，的丰度，生物量和多样性，尤其是对于带菌种而言，并改善了community群落的功能结构。草地的持续时间和施肥增加了worm的丰度和生物量，特别是对于风药而言，而不影响内生菌种和earth的多样性。草地持续时间没有增加牧草产量，但增加了施肥量。三年的高肥力草地显着增加了a的丰度和生物量，改善了community群落的功能结构，并且与六年的高肥力草原相比，每年产生的草料最多。总体，