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Integrating stomatal physiology and morphology: evolution of stomatal control and development of future crops
Oecologia ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-30 , DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04857-3
Matthew Haworth 1 , Giovanni Marino 1 , Francesco Loreto 2, 3 , Mauro Centritto 1, 4
Affiliation  

Stomata are central players in the hydrological and carbon cycles, regulating the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) for photosynthesis and transpirative loss of water (H2O) between plants and the atmosphere. The necessity to balance water-loss and CO2-uptake has played a key role in the evolution of plants, and is increasingly important in a hotter and drier world. The conductance of CO2 and water vapour across the leaf surface is determined by epidermal and stomatal morphology (the number, size, and spacing of stomatal pores) and stomatal physiology (the regulation of stomatal pore aperture in response to environmental conditions). The proportion of the epidermis allocated to stomata and the evolution of amphistomaty are linked to the physiological function of stomata. Moreover, the relationship between stomatal density and [CO2] is mediated by physiological stomatal behaviour; species with less responsive stomata to light and [CO2] are most likely to adjust stomatal initiation. These differences in the sensitivity of the stomatal density—[CO2] relationship between species influence the efficacy of the ‘stomatal method’ that is widely used to infer the palaeo-atmospheric [CO2] in which fossil leaves developed. Many studies have investigated stomatal physiology or morphology in isolation, which may result in the loss of the ‘overall picture’ as these traits operate in a coordinated manner to produce distinct mechanisms for stomatal control. Consideration of the interaction between stomatal morphology and physiology is critical to our understanding of plant evolutionary history, plant responses to on-going climate change and the production of more efficient and climate-resilient food and bio-fuel crops.



中文翻译:

气孔生理和形态的整合:气孔控制的演变和未来作物的发展

气孔是水文和碳循环的核心参与者,调节植物和大气之间光合作用吸收二氧化碳 (CO 2 ) 和蒸腾损失水分 (H 2 O)。平衡水分流失和 CO 2吸收的必要性在植物的进化中发挥了关键作用,并且在更热和更干燥的世界中变得越来越重要。CO 2的电导叶片表面的水汽由表皮和气孔形态(气孔的数量、大小和间距)和气孔生理(气孔孔径响应环境条件的调节)决定。分配给气孔的表皮比例和两栖动物的进化与气孔的生理功能有关。此外,气孔密度与[CO 2 ]之间的关系是由气孔生理行为介导的;气孔对光和[CO 2 ] 反应较弱的物种最有可能调整气孔起始。这些气孔密度敏感性的差异——[CO 2] 物种之间的关系影响“气孔方法”的功效,该方法被广泛用于推断化石叶子发育的古大气[CO 2 ]。许多研究已经孤立地研究了气孔生理学或形态学,这可能导致“整体图景”的丢失,因为这些特征以协调的方式运作以产生不同的气孔控制机制。考虑气孔形态和生理学之间的相互作用对于我们了解植物进化历史、植物对持续气候变化的反应以及生产更高效和适应气候变化的粮食和生物燃料作物至关重要。

更新日期:2021-01-31
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