The use of cyber operations as a foreign policy instrument continues to stimulate academic interest towards interstate behavior in this domain. With continued investment in offensive cyber capabilities, there is an urgency to provide both academics and policy-makers with a better grasp of this phenomenon. While the past decade saw the growth of frameworks that highlight systemic and/or technological factors, this article investigates the role of pre-existing beliefs in the attribution of malicious cyber operations. Through survey experiments, it highlights the phenomenon of seizing and freezing with respect to attributive judgements in response to degradative cyber operations. With respect to theory, the results contribute to the emerging study of the cognitive–affective aspects of cyberspace. As for policy, the results illustrate the potential for biased judgements in response to incidents and reinforces the need to develop mechanisms that minimize its impact on state behavior.

中文翻译：

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过去的行为和未来的判断：应对网络运营而陷入僵局

将网络运营作为外交政策工具的使用继续激发了人们对该领域州际行为的学术兴趣。随着对进攻性网络能力的不断投资，迫切需要为学术界和政策制定者更好地掌握这一现象。在过去的十年中，突出显示系统和/或技术因素的框架在不断增长，而本文调查了先前存在的信念在恶意网络操作的归因中的作用。通过调查实验，它突出显示了在应对网络性能下降的归因判断方面的izing没和冻结现象。关于理论，研究结果有助于对网络空间的认知-情感方面的新兴研究。至于政策