Donald Trump’s speeches and messages are characterized by terms that are commonly referred to as “thick” or “emotive,” meaning that they are characterized by a tendency to be used to generate emotive reactions. This paper investigates how emotive meaning is related to emotions, and how it is generated or manipulated. Emotive meaning is analyzed as an evaluative conclusion that results from inferences triggered by the use of a term, which can be represented and assessed using argumentation schemes. The evaluative inferences are regarded as part of the connotation of emotive words, which can be modified and stabilized by means of recontextualizations. The manipulative risks underlying the misuse and the redefinition of emotive words are accounted for in terms of presuppositions and implicit modifications of the interlocutors’ commitments.

中文翻译：

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政治辩论中的情感意义

唐纳德特朗普的演讲和信息的特点是通常被称为“厚重”或“情绪化”的术语，这意味着它们的特点是倾向于被用来产生情绪化的反应。本文研究了情感意义如何与情感相关，以及它是如何产生或操纵的。情感意义被分析为由使用术语触发的推理得出的评估结论，可以使用论证方案来表示和评估。评价性推理被视为情感词内涵的一部分，可以通过重新语境化的方式加以修饰和稳定。根据对话者承诺的预设和隐含修改，解释了滥用和重新定义情感词背后的操纵风险。