Small, noncoding sequences of ribonucleic acid called microRNAs (miRNAs, miR) are functioning as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. As they draw increasing attention of rheumatologists, there is a growing body of evidence concerning specific molecules that may affect the long-term care of patients with inflammatory arthritides. Findings involving children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are still limited though. The aim of the study was to browse the available data on microRNAs which may be utilized as potential biomarkers helpful in diagnosing and monitoring JIA patients. The review contains a brief summary on the most studied sequences: miR-16, miR-125a-5p, miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-223. It is complemented with other miRNAs possibly relevant for JIA (miR-145, miR-23b, miR-27a, and miR-204) and discussion on challenges for using miRNAs in pediatric rheumatology (particularly, issues regarding specificity of biomarkers and measurements involving synovial fluid).

中文翻译：

---

MicroRNA 作为新指标的潜在重要性如何更有效地管理幼年特发性关节炎患者

称为微RNA（miRNA，miR）的核糖核酸的小的非编码序列作为基因表达的转录后调节因子起作用。随着它们引起风湿病学家越来越多的关注，越来越多的证据表明可能影响炎症性关节炎患者长期护理的特定分子。尽管如此，涉及幼年特发性关节炎 (JIA) 儿童的研究结果仍然有限。该研究的目的是浏览有关 microRNA 的可用数据，这些数据可用作有助于诊断和监测 JIA 患者的潜在生物标志物。该评论包含对研究最多的序列的简要总结：miR-16、miR-125a-5p、miR-146a、miR-155 和 miR-223。它与其他可能与 JIA 相关的 miRNA（miR-145、miR-23b、miR-27a、