Objective:Patients with schizophrenia and individuals with schizotypy, a subclinical group at risk for schizophrenia, have been found to have impairments in cognitive control. The Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control (DMC) framework hypothesises that cognitive control can be divided into proactive and reactive control. However, it is unclear whether individuals with schizotypy have differential behavioural impairments and neural correlates underlying these two types of cognitive control.Method:Twenty-five individuals with schizotypy and 26 matched healthy controls (HCs) completed both reactive and proactive control tasks with electroencephalographic data recorded. The proportion of congruent and incongruent trials was manipulated in a classic colour-word Stroop task to induce proactive or reactive control. Proactive control was induced in a context with mostly incongruent (MI) trials and reactive control in a context with mostly congruent (MC) trials. Two event-related potential (ERP) components, medial frontal negativity (MFN, associated with conflict detection) and conflict sustained potential (conflict SP, associated with conflict resolution) were examined.Results:There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of behavioural results. In terms of ERP results, in the MC context, HC exhibited significantly larger MFN (360–530 ms) and conflict SP (600–1000 ms) amplitudes than individuals with schizotypy. The two groups did not show any significant difference in MFN or conflict SP in the MI context.Conclusions:The present findings provide initial evidence for dissociation of neural activation between proactive and reactive cognitive control in individuals with schizotypy. These findings help us understand cognitive control deficits in the schizophrenia spectrum.

中文翻译：

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精神分裂症患者主动和反应性认知控制的分离：事件相关电位研究

目的：已发现精神分裂症患者和精神分裂症患者（精神分裂症的亚临床组）存在认知控制障碍。认知控制的双重机制（DMC）框架假设认知控制可以分为主动控制和反应控制。然而，目前尚不清楚精神分裂症患者是否具有这两种认知控制类型的不同行为障碍和神经相关性。方法：25 名精神分裂症患者和 26 名匹配的健康对照 (HC) 使用脑电图数据完成了反应性和主动性控制任务记录下来。在经典的颜色词 Stroop 任务中操纵一致和不一致试验的比例，以诱导主动或被动控制。在大多数不一致 (MI) 试验的情况下诱导主动控制，在大多数一致 (MC) 试验的情况下诱导反应控制。检查了两个事件相关电位（ERP）成分，内侧额叶负性（MFN，与冲突检测相关）和冲突持续电位（冲突SP，与冲突解决相关）。结果：两组之间在术语方面没有显着差异的行为结果。就 ERP 结果而言，在 MC 环境中，HC 的 MFN（360-530 ms）和冲突 SP（600-1000 ms）幅度明显大于精神分裂症个体。两组在 MI 上下文中的 MFN 或冲突 SP 没有显示任何显着差异。结论：目前的研究结果为精神分裂症患者主动和反应性认知控制之间的神经激活分离提供了初步证据。这些发现有助于我们了解精神分裂症谱系中的认知控制缺陷。