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A review of the impact of environmental factors on the fate and transport of coronaviruses in aqueous environments
npj Clean Water ( IF 11.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-29 , DOI: 10.1038/s41545-020-00096-w
Diplina Paul , Praveen Kolar , Steven G. Hall

The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) that has claimed hundreds of thousands of lives worldwide. This virus spreads predominantly by human-to-human transmission via respiratory droplets. However, the presence of this virus in the fecal and anal swabs of infected patients has triggered the need for research into its waterborne transmission. The various environmental factors that impact the persistence of coronavirus in different water matrices include temperature, UV exposure, organic matter, disinfectants as well as adversarial microorganisms. This review summarizes the most recent research data on the effect of various factors on coronavirus in aqueous environments. The available data suggest that: (i) increasing temperature decreases the overall persistence of the virus; (ii) the presence of organic matter can increase the survivability of coronavirus; (iii) chlorine is the most effective and economic disinfectant; (iv) membrane bioreactors in wastewater treatment plants are hosts of competitive microorganisms that can inactivate coronaviruses; (v) ultraviolet irradiation is another effective option for virus inactivation. However, the inactivation disinfection kinetics of coronaviruses are yet to be fully understood. Thus, further research is needed to understand its fate and transport with respect to the water cycle so that effective strategies can be adopted to curb its effects. These strategies may vary based on geographic, climatic, technical, and social conditions around the globe. This paper explores possible approaches and especially the conditions that local communities and authorities should consider to find optimal solutions that can limit the spread of this virus.



中文翻译:

环境因素对水性环境中冠状病毒命运和运输的影响的综述

正在进行中的严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)引发了冠状病毒大流行(COVID-19),大流行夺走了全球数十万人的生命。该病毒主要通过人与人之间的呼吸道飞沫传播。但是,这种病毒在感染患者的粪便和肛门拭子中的存在引发了对其水传播途径的研究的需要。影响冠状病毒在不同水基质中持久性的各种环境因素包括温度,紫外线暴露,有机物,消毒剂以及对抗性微生物。这篇综述总结了在水性环境中各种因素对冠状病毒影响的最新研究数据。现有数据表明:(i)温度升高会降低病毒的总体持久性;(ii)有机物的存在可以增加冠状病毒的生存能力;(iii)氯是最有效和最经济的消毒剂;(iv)废水处理厂中的膜生物反应器是可以使冠状病毒失活的竞争性微生物的宿主;(v)紫外线照射是灭活病毒的另一种有效选择。然而,冠状病毒的灭活消毒动力学尚未完全了解。因此,需要进一步研究以了解其在水循环中的命运和运输方式,以便采取有效策略来抑制其影响。这些策略可能会根据全球各地的地理,气候,技术和社会条件而有所不同。

更新日期:2021-01-29
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