Given the detrimental effects associated with problematic internet use (PIU) and the need to better understand its nature and evolution, the present study examined the development of PIU in a sample of 1,750 adolescents (aged 16–19) from Finland over a 3-year period. We documented the social (loneliness, perceived maternal and paternal behaviors) and individual (sex) antecedents, as well as the outcome implications (depressive symptoms, substance use, academic achievement) of PIU trajectories. Outcomes also predicted PIU trajectories. Latent curve modeling revealed an initially moderate, and subsequently decreasing trajectory of PIU. PIU was predicted by loneliness, paternal neglect, maternal care, depressive symptoms, and being male. In turn, PIU trajectories predicted increases in depressive symptoms and substance use, but decreases in academic achievement.

中文翻译：

---

青少年晚期有问题的互联网使用的纵向轨迹、社会和个人前因以及结果

鉴于与有问题的互联网使用 (PIU) 相关的不利影响以及需要更好地了解其性质和演变，本研究调查了来自芬兰的 1,750 名青少年（16-19 岁）在 3 年内的样本中 PIU 的发展时期。我们记录了 PIU 轨迹的社会（孤独、感知到的母亲和父亲行为）和个人（性）前因，以及结果影响（抑郁症状、物质使用、学业成就）。结果还预测了 PIU 轨迹。潜在曲线模型揭示了 PIU 最初是温和的，随后是下降的轨迹。PIU 是通过孤独、父亲的忽视、母亲的照顾、抑郁症状和男性身份来预测的。反过来，PIU 轨迹预测抑郁症状和物质使用的增加，