In culturally diverse societies, ethnic minorities are faced with the challenge of negotiating between their national and ethnic identification. Diversity ideologies address this challenge in different ways, by prioritizing national identification in the case of assimilation, and ethnic identification in the case of multiculturalism. However, existing research has highlighted the risks and drawbacks of both ideologies, presenting polyculturalism and interculturalism as new alternatives which construe identities as more complex, dynamic, and interconnected between groups. Given that little is known about these ideologies from the minority perspective, the present study investigated their endorsement among ethnic minorities, as well as associations with their ethnic and national identification in the USA. Results show that, in general, pro-diversity ideologies (multiculturalism, interculturalism, and polyculturalism) are all supported by ethnic minorities, in contrast to assimilation. Moreover, ethnic identification is associated with support for multiculturalism, national identification is associated with support for assimilation, and both are associated with polyculturalism. For interculturalism, associations with ethnic and national identification depend on its subcomponents, which seem to address and bring together the other three ideologies. Interculturalism may therefore be a promising way forward to minimize the risks of assimilation, multiculturalism, and polyculturalism, while also maximizing their benefits to minorities and societies at large.

在文化多元的社会中，少数族裔面临着在其民族和族裔认同之间进行谈判的挑战。多样性意识形态以同等方式应对这一挑战，在同化中优先考虑民族身份，在多元文化主义中优先考虑民族身份。但是，现有研究强调了两者的风险和弊端意识形态，将多元文化主义和跨文化主义呈现为新的选择，将身份认同视为更加复杂，动态和相互联系的群体。鉴于从少数民族的角度对这些意识形态知之甚少，本研究调查了他们在少数民族中的认可，以及在美国与他们的种族和民族认同的关联。结果表明，与同化相反，总体上，赞成多样性的意识形态（多元文化主义，跨文化主义和多元文化主义）都得到少数民族的支持。此外，种族认同与对多元文化主义的支持有关，民族认同与对同化的支持有关，并且两者都与多元文化主义有关。对于跨文化主义，具有种族和民族认同感的协会取决于其子组件，这些子组件似乎解决了其他三种意识形态并将其融合在一起。因此，跨文化主义可能是使同化，多元文化主义和多元文化主义的风险最小化，同时又能最大程度地为少数群体和整个社会带来利益的有希望的前进之路。