Environmental stress from abiotic conditions imposes physiological limits on individuals within communities, and these stressful conditions can act as a filter on the species present in any given environment. Such abiotic stressors can reduce a community's diversity and make its composition more phylogenetically clustered. Using a decade of staphylinid beetle (Staphylinidae, Coleoptera, rove beetles) collections made across a 1500 m elevation gradient in northwestern Costa Rica (2008–2017) we asked what species lived there, how large and overlapping were the communities across this gradient, and what relationship was there between elevation and diversity. Using DNA barcodes for identification and phylogenetic estimates of community structure, we found high turnover across elevation, and that staphylinid diversity increased linearly with elevation. Because of this, we found staphylinid diversity was negatively related to surface area and temperature, and positively with precipitation. We suggest that historical biogeography and contemporary environmental stress have combined to produce these observed patterns. The forests in which these beetles are found are heating and drying rapidly and our finding that diversity increases with elevation suggests that there will be catastrophic biodiversity loss in the coming decades.

中文翻译：

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多变新热带甲虫（Staphylinidae）家族在气候变化过程中海拔高度上的多样性和系统发育群落结构

非生物条件引起的环境压力对社区内的个体施加了生理限制，这些压力条件可以充当任何给定环境中存在的物种的过滤器。这样的非生物压力源可以减少社区的多样性，并使社区的组成更加系统地聚集。我们使用哥斯达黎加西北部（1500-2008年）海拔1500 m梯度采集的十个类葡萄球菌甲虫（鞘翅目，鞘翅目，硬壳甲虫），我们询问那里生活着什么物种，该梯度下的群落有多大和重叠，以及海拔和多样性之间有什么关系。使用DNA条形码进行群落结构的鉴定和系统发育估计，我们发现整个海拔高度都有高周转率，并且葡萄球菌的多样性随海拔呈线性增加。因此，我们发现葡萄球菌的多样性与表面积和温度呈负相关，与降水呈正相关。我们建议历史生物地理学和当代环境压力相结合来产生这些观察到的模式。发现这些甲虫的森林正在迅速升温和干燥，而我们的发现多样性随海拔升高而增加，这表明在未来几十年中，生物多样性将遭受灾难性的损失。