In this paper, a highly sensitive and specific technique based on the principle of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) has been proposed for the early stage Tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics. This GMR biosensing assay employs monoclonal antibodies against M. tuberculosis specific ESAT-6 antigen with the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as labels. MNPs bind to the GMR sensor in presence of ESAT-6 and the binding is proportional to the ESAT-6 protein concentration leading to the change in overall resistance of GMR sensor. GMR biosensor simulation showed that ESAT-6 concentration can be detected in the range of pg/mL in comparison to the other transduction techniques available for ESAT-6 detection and further, the signal strength increased with the increase in the concentration. This work has shown that the GMR biosensing strategy is pertinent for the TB detection at the primitive phases when compared with other magnetic techniques used for TB diagnostics.

本文提出了一种基于巨磁阻 (GMR) 原理的高灵敏度和特异性技术，用于早期结核病 (TB) 诊断。这种 GMR 生物传感检测采用抗结核分枝杆菌的单克隆抗体使用磁性纳米粒子 (MNP) 作为标记的特定 ESAT-6 抗原。MNPs 在 ESAT-6 存在的情况下与 GMR 传感器结合，这种结合与 ESAT-6 蛋白浓度成正比，导致 GMR 传感器的总电阻发生变化。GMR 生物传感器模拟表明，与可用于 ESAT-6 检测的其他转导技术相比，可以在 pg/mL 范围内检测 ESAT-6 浓度，此外，信号强度随着浓度的增加而增加。这项工作表明，与用于结核病诊断的其他磁性技术相比，GMR 生物传感策略适用于原始阶段的结核病检测。