Due to the lasting growth in air traffic, many international airports have reached their capacity limits. Access to major airports is granted through the assignment of airport time slots. Current practices of allocating these time slots via grandfathering are widely regarded as inefficient by experts. New market mechanisms need to take into account synergistic valuations of airlines for departure and arrival time slots, as well as financial constraints of the participating airlines for the many time slots available. Unfortunately, computing core-stable outcomes in such environments is ${\Sigma }_2^p$-hard. Such problems are typically considered intractable. We introduce bilevel integer optimization models for airport time slot trading and compute core-stable outcomes, i.e. allocations and prices such that no coalition can beneficially deviate. Interestingly, despite the computational hardness of the underlying problem numerical experiments show that instances of practically relevant size can be solved in due time. The proposed market design provides a solution that addresses the specific constraints of airport time slot markets, a precondition for adoption in the field.

由于空中交通量的持续增长，许多国际机场已达到其运力极限。通过分配机场时隙可以准许进入主要机场。专家普遍认为，目前通过祖父分配这些时隙的做法效率低下。新的市场机制需要考虑到航空公司对出发和到达时间段的协同估值，以及参与航空公司在许多可用时间段的财务约束。不幸的是，在这种环境下计算核心稳定的结果是${\Sigma }_2^p$-硬。这些问题通常被认为是棘手的。我们引入用于机场时隙交易的双级整数优化模型，并计算核心稳定的结果，即分配和价格，以使任何联盟都无法有益地偏离。有趣的是，尽管存在潜在问题的计算难度，但数值实验表明，可以在适当的时间解决实际相关大小的实例。拟议的市场设计提供了解决机场时隙市场特定限制的解决方案，这是在现场采用的先决条件。