This review paper attempts to provide a useful reference for space habitat designs that advance the ability of humans to live in space for long periods of time. Five space habitat design concepts are reviewed with the principal aim of addressing the five fundamental problems in long term space exploration: artificial gravity, efficient radiation protection, sustainable food, growth strategy, and commercial values. The design of principal categories of life support systems, habitat subsystems, economics and cost reduction approaches are presented with a focus on establishing useful sources of fundamental issues in the literature, as well as highlighting important research directions and topics. Humans have enjoyed isolated successes in space, but the international space station (ISS) is going to retire soon. The space habitat design for long-duration use will be the next ambitious space program with contributions from the world-wide scientific and technical community. The overarching theme of the paper is to show the diversity, richness, and fundamental problems of habitat designs that have been undertaken in the last 60 years of space exploration.

本文旨在为提高人类长期居住在太空中的能力的太空栖息地设计提供有用的参考。审查了五个空间栖息地设计概念，其主要目的是解决长期太空探索中的五个基本问题：人造重力，有效的辐射防护，可持续食品，增长策略和商业价值。提出了生命支持系统，栖息地子系统，经济学和成本降低方法的主要类别的设计，重点是建立文献中基本问题的有用来源，并突出重要的研究方向和主题。人类在太空中曾经取得过成功，但是国际空间站（ISS）即将退休。长期使用的空间栖息地设计将是下一个雄心勃勃的太空计划，该计划将得到世界科学技术界的支持。本文的首要主题是展示在过去60年的太空探索中进行过的栖息地设计的多样性，丰富性和基本问题。