In this study, we develop urban ecosystem accounts in the U.S., using the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting Experimental Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA EEA) framework. Most ecosystem accounts focus on regional and national scales, which are appropriate for many ecosystem services. However, ecosystems provide substantial services in cities, improving quality of life and contributing to resiliency for substantial parts of the population. Our models estimate energy savings for indoor cooling resulting from heat mitigated by trees and rainfall intercepted by trees. Both models cover major cities in the contiguous U.S. and report the results through physical supply and use tables for multiple accounting periods (2011 and 2016). Using conservative assumptions, urban trees provide substantial heat mitigation (4,098 and 4,229 GWh, valued at $523 and $539 million in 2011 and 2016, respectively) and rainfall interception (2,422 and 2,627 million m³, valued at $434 and $425 million for 2011 and 2016, respectively). Interannual differences largely reflect variations in weather patterns. Our work shows how Earth observation data can support urban ecosystem accounting. We provide model code within a public repository to facilitate model runs elsewhere, enabling the SEEA EEA and Earth observation user communities to reuse our models and provide feedback for improvement.

在这项研究中，我们使用环境经济核算实验生态系统核算（SEEA EEA）框架开发了美国的城市生态系统核算。大多数生态系统账户着重于区域和国家尺度，这适用于许多生态系统服务。但是，生态系统为城市提供了重要的服务，改善了生活质量，并为大部分人口提供了恢复力。我们的模型估计了由于树木减少的热量和树木拦截的降雨而导致的室内制冷节能。两种模型都覆盖了美国连续的主要城市，并通过实物供应和使用表报告了多个会计期间（2011年和2016年）的结果。根据保守的假设，城市树木可大大减少热量（4,098和4,229 GWh，³（2011年和2016年的估值分别为434美元和4.25亿美元）。年际差异主要反映了天气模式的变化。我们的工作展示了地球观测数据如何支持城市生态系统核算。我们在公共存储库中提供模型代码，以促进模型在其他地方的运行，从而使SEEA EEA和地球观测用户社区能够重用我们的模型并提供反馈以进行改进。