This research aims to analyze CCD inpatients' mobility patterns in central China and explore the influences of nonclinical factors on their decisions of medical travel. Using patients' information (n = 105,120) collected from Henan, a central province of China, as well as county-level health care, transportation, and socioeconomic data, we analyzed spatial-temporal variations of CCD inpatients' mobility from 2013 to 2017. The multiple regression, geographically weighted regression, and path analysis were integrated to reveal how health care level (availability), insurance coverage (affordability), transportation/accessibility, local economic development, and regional factors have influenced CCD inpatients' medical travel. Our findings indicate that CCD patients’ mobility has greatly increased in central China, with a growth rate of 28.9% from 2013 to 2017. The spatial pattern of medical travel was uneven among four economic zones but relatively balanced between urban rural areas. Over 51% of CCD inpatients traveled from the most disadvantaged zone to the capital city for treatment. The mobility pattern has been mainly determined by local medical resources, health insurance coverage, and transportation/accessibility. Furthermore, despite little direct effects, local economic development and regional factors have greatly influenced medical travel through indirectly affecting the local health care sector and transportation development.