Abstract

The tourism sectors consume a high amount of electrical power, which in most cases is supplied by the electrical grid and diesel generator. As a result, the electricity supply of large-scale tourism sectors is an important challenge in many countries. In current study, the feasibility study for applying the hybrid renewable energy systems to provide the power demand in social areas is investigated. Since Iran has a lot of tourism areas with a high amount of electricity consumption, a popular and crowded tourism sector in the Qom (a city in the center of Iran) is selected as the case study. The electricity consumption of this social area is found to be 23,808.91 kWh/day, which in the current system is supplied by the electricity grid. Also, the values of cost of energy and carbon dioxide emissions of current system are calculated to be 0.0931$/kWh and 5,741,214 kg/year, respectively. Regarding the available renewable resources of Qom city and the space limitations of this tourism sector, several combined renewable scenarios are simulated and assessed applying the HOMER Pro simulator. In continue, to identify the optimal scenarios, the techno–economic–environmental evaluation is implemented. The hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/wind turbine (WT)/battery (Bat)/diesel generator (DG)/biogas generator (BG), and grid/PV/WT are found as the optimum configurations for the off-grid and grid-connected systems, respectively. It was found that the Grid/PV/WT has a net present cost of 6.63 M$ and a cost of energy of 0.0234 $/kWh. Also, the cost of energy and net present cost of hybrid PV/WT/Bat/DG/BG are accounted for 0.1251$/kWh and 18.1 M$, respectively. By using this stand-alone system instead of current system, the CO₂ emissions reduce by 61.87% (2,189,231 kg/year). In following, to assess the effects of load growth and PV degradation on system performance, the multi-year module of this software is employed. Based on the obtained findings, by applying the hybrid PV/WT/Bat/DG/BG instead of the current system, the contribution of emissions penalties to the overall net present cost diminishes from 15.47% to 0.73%. Finally, the heat map sensitivity analyses are applied to the economic and environmental parameters.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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进行为期一年和多年的敏感性分析，以提出几种可行的解决方案，以应用可再生能源的系统来满足大规模旅游部门的电力需求

摘要

旅游部门消耗大量的电力，在大多数情况下，电力是由电网和柴油发电机提供的。结果，在许多国家，大型旅游部门的电力供应是一个重要的挑战。在当前研究中，研究了应用混合可再生能源系统提供社会区域电力需求的可行性研究。由于伊朗有很多旅游区，耗电量很高，因此选择库姆（伊朗中部城市）一个受欢迎且拥挤的旅游部门作为案例研究。发现该社会区域的用电量为23,808.91 kWh /天，在当前系统中由电网供应。同样，当前系统的能源成本和二氧化碳排放量的值被计算为0。每年分别为0931美元/千瓦时和5,741,214千克。关于库姆市的可再生资源和该旅游业的空间限制，使用HOMER Pro模拟器对几种组合的可再生情景进行了模拟和评估。为了确定最佳方案，我们继续进行技术，经济，环境评估。混合光伏（PV）/风力涡轮机（WT）/电池（Bat）/柴油发电机（DG）/沼气发电机（BG）和电网/ PV / WT被认为是离网和并网发电的最佳配置连接的系统。结果发现，Grid / PV / WT的当前净成本为663万美元，能源成本为0.0234美元/千瓦时。此外，混合PV / WT / Bat / DG / BG的能源成本和净现值分别为0.1251 $ / kWh和1,810 M $。₂排放量减少了61.87％（2,189,231千克/年）。接下来，为了评估负载增长和PV降级对系统性能的影响，采用了该软件的多年模块。根据获得的发现，通过应用混合PV / WT / Bat / DG / BG而不是当前系统，排放惩罚对总净现值的贡献将从15.47％减少到0.73％。最后，将热图敏感性分析应用于经济和环境参数。

图形摘要